Answer / asif

spray deluge systems are typically used in hazardous environments where fires may spread very quickly or where valuable equipment surrounding the fire needs to be cooled. These systems are designed for use in a variety of special hazard applications. Many types of nozzles may be required to provide a properly designed special hazard fire protection system

Answer / rizwan

The Deluge system is designed to protect high hazard areas containing a severe fuel hazard with a high heat release rate by bringing a large number of open sprayers into action simultaneously in the event of a fire.

The most common approach of detecting a fire is the use of a sprinkler detection line permanently charged by air. In the event of a fire, the sprinkler detector heads directly affected by the fire will operate. The immediate drop in air pressure within the detector line releases the pressure against the Deluge valve diaphragm unit causing the Deluge Valve to open and discharge water through all the open water spray nozzles to rapidly control and extinguish the fire.

The fire fighting properties of the Deluge valve system can be considerable enhanced with the introduction of foam solution into the systems water supply. Enhanced foam Deluge systems are ideal for the protection of hazards such as the storage and handling of flammable liquids in aircraft hangars, oil refineries and chemical plants etc.

A typical Deluge valve system comprises of a control valve, a sprinkler operated detection system and a dedicated water supply system. For small or confined high hazard risk areas, Multiple Controls can be used instead of sprinklers. The Multiple Control is a distribution valve containing its own detection element. When this element is triggered, it supplies water to a small number of nozzles located within its zone of protection. They are available in 20, 25, 32 40 or 50mm sizes.

The size of the Deluge valve, its flow rate, the system water supply pressure and type of detection system are all determined by the size and type of fire risk involved.

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Q1: Consider part of a control loop, which excludes the transmitter, consisting of a process, a controller and a control valve which may be represented by two dead times of 0.5 min each and three exponential lags of 0.8 min., 1.0 min. and 1.5 min. respectively. We wish to express this system as an overall first order plus dead time (FOPLD) model ie gain, time constant and process dead time. (We will see later that this is often done, to simplify controller tuning). For this exercise, gain is considered to be 1.0. (A) If the transmitter is a flow transmitter whose behaviour can be described by a dead time of 0.2 min. and an exponential lag of 0.5 min. in terms of the overall dead time and overall first order lag how can the system behaviour be approximated ? Overall dead time = Overall time constant = (B) If the transmitter is a temperature transmitter with a temperature sensor in a protecting well whose behaviour can be described by a dead time of 0.7 min. and an exponential lag of 15 min. how can the overall system behaviour be approximated now? Overall dead time = Overall time constant =

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