Answer / sjtbehera

Standard sand means which obtained from nature, like river
sand
According to IS code sand which passes lower than 4.75mm
and above 600milimicron and fine sand which passes 600 mili
micro and retained 75 mili micron.

Foundation is the part of structure which transfer load of
the structure to the base of soil on which it rests.

hooks- semicircular secn.-16d
90' bend- 8d
45' bend- 12d
Clear cover- column-40mm
BEAM - 25MM
SLAB - 15MM
FOOTING - 50MM
lIMIT STATE DESIGN- in this method design based on limit
state concept, the structure shall be designed to with
stand safety of all loads liable on it throughout its life.
it also satisfy the serviciablity recquirments such as
limitation on deflection and cracking. the acceptable limit
for the safety and serviciable recquirment before failure
occurs is called limit state.
working stress- when limit state design are not acceptable
working stress method is used. in this method is based on
elastic theory.
cbc- compressive strength
fck- charterstics strength

Answer / suresh

as standard sand we can uesd madras sand it is clean,well
graded,wthite,

sand which in retain on 4.6 mm in called coarsed sand
and retain on 2.36 mm is called fine sand

generaly clear cover is based on max. size of aggregate
which is uesd for concreating work see is 456

ph volue is carried on water

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