BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTATION - EXAMPLE 29.5 : The following formula is used as a reference : (analyte signal) / (internal standard signal) = (f-factor) x (concentration of analyte) / (concentration of internal standard). A solution containing 3 mM of analyte and 4 mM of internal standard gave peak signals of 2 and 3 mamps respectively. Another similar solution containing 2 mM of analyte and 1 mM of internal standard gave peak signals of 1 and 4 mamps respectively. Find the average f-factor.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTATION - ANSWER 29.5 : Let (f-factor) = (analyte signal) (concentration of internal standard) / [ (internal standard signal) (concentration of analyte) ]. For first solution, (f-factor) = (2 mamps) (4 mM) / [ (3 mamps) (3 mM) ] = 8 / 9. For second solution, (f-factor) = (1 mamps) (1 mM) / [ (4 mamps) (2 mM) ] = 1 / 8. Average : Average f-factor = (8 / 9 + 1 / 8) / 2 = (64 + 9) / (72 x 2) = 73 / 144. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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Suppose you have hot fluid and cold water, what fluid you should flow in shell side and tube side in a shell and tube heat exchanger and why
Question 87 - According to Hardy-Weinberg Equation, p x p + 2 x p x q + q x q = 1 where p = dominant allele frequency and q = recessive allele frequency. Let p + q = 1. Fraction of population has 2 copies of the p gene = p x p. Fraction of population has 2 copies of the q gene = q x q. Fraction of population has a copy of p gene and a copy of q gene = 2 x p x q. In a small town, the allele frequency is q = 0.2 for a recessive gene, the delta-32 mutation, that gives human protection from HIV infection. (a) Find the allele frequency a dominant gene, p. (b) What percent of the population has at least a copy of the gene that cause the population either immune to HIV or less susceptible to the disease?
GENETIC ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 27.3 : (a) Male with genotype GGmm and phenotype gray wingless mates with female with genotype ggMM and phenotype black winged in fruit flies. G is dominant to g in color. M is dominant to m in wing shape. If the actual distribution of the second generation of the fruit flies was as follow : 890 gray wingless, 900 black winged, 115 gray winged, 95 black wingless, calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes and distance in recombination units. Let 1 map unit = 1 % recombination. (b) A DNA molecule has 180 base pairs and 20 % adenine. How many cytosine nucleotides are present in this molecule of DNA?
In engineering economy, the future value of first year is FV = PV (1 i). For second year it is FV = PV (1 i) (1 i). For third year it is FV = PV (1 i) (1 i)(1 i) where FV = future value, PV = present value, i = interest rate per period, n = the number of compounding periods. By induction, what is the future value of $1000 for 5 years at the interest rate of 6%?
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ENGINEERING MATERIAL - EXAMPLE 12.1 : In crystal material, hexagonal crystal system could form 4-digit index in certain direction of solid. For [1(-1)0] direction in the hexagonal crystal systems of particular catalyst applied in fume removal of incinerator, what is the four-digit index for this direction? Hint : The transformation equations between the 3-digit [h'k'l'] and the 4-digit [hkil] indices are : h = (1/3) (2h'-k'); i = - (h + k); k = (1/3) (2k'-h'); l = l' A. [(-1)100] B. [1(-1)00] C. [(-1)000] D. [00(-1)(-1)] E. [(-1)0(-1)0]
Calculate the cooling duty, H required to condense and cool acetone from 100 degree Celsius to 25 degree Celsius at atmospheric pressure. The heat of vaporization for acetone at its normal boiling point is 30.2 kJ / mol. The boiling point of acetone at atmospheric pressure is 56 degree Celsius. The flowrate of acetone through the condenser is 100 mol / s = N. Value of sensible heat needed to increase the temperature of acetone in liquid form from 25 to 56 degree Celsius is 4.06 kJ / mol. Value of sensible heat needed to increase the temperature of acetone in vapor form from 56 to 100 degree Celsius is 3.82 kJ / mol. Unit of H is kJ / s.
Question 80 - Liquid octane has a density of 703 kilograms per cubic metre and molar mass of 114.23 grams per mole. Its specific heat capacity is 255.68 J / (mol K). (a) Find the energy in J needed to increase the temperature of 1 cubic metre of octane for 1 Kelvin. (b) At 20 degree Celsius, the solubility of liquid octane in water is 0.007 mg / L as stated in a handbook. For a mixture of 1 L of liquid octane and 1 L of water, prove by calculations that liquid octane is almost insoluble in water.
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