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FOOD ENGINEERING - QUESTION 23.3 : (a) In the measurement of the browning (optical density) of fruit juice at 10 day interval, the following pairs of data are obtained with time t in days and browning or optical density (OD) : t = 0, OD = 0.05; t = 10, OD = 0.071; t = 20, OD = 0.089; t = 30, OD = 0.11; t = 40, OD = 0.128; t = 50, OD = 0.149; t = 60, OD = 0.17. (i) By using Excel or other programs, determine if such browning reaction can be characterised by pseudo zero order kinetics, with strong correlations between the data pairs of t and OD. (ii) When OD = 0.24, the shelf life T of such juice is expired. Calculate the value of T. (b) Let food cost percentage = ( food cost / food sales ) x 100. If total food cost of bread and butter are $25, food cost percentage of bread is 50 % and for butter is 50 %, find the total food sales of bread and butter.
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FOOD ENGINEERING - ANSWER 23.3 : (a) (i) Excel program is used for quick graph plotting where x-axis is t and y-axis is OD. A linear graph with equation y = 0.002 x + 0.0501 with r squared value of 0.9996 could be obtained. High r squared value approaching 1 signifies strong correlations between the data pairs of t and OD for pseudo zero order kinetics. (ii) By using the equation y = 0.002 x + 0.0501, substituting y for OD and x for T, then T = (OD - 0.0501) / 0.002 = (0.24 - 0.0501) / 0.002 = 94.95 days. (b) Total food cost = c + d = $25 = 0.5 (C + D) and total food sales = C + D = (c + d) / 0.5 = 25 / 0.5 = $50 where c = food cost of bread, d = food cost of butter, C = food sales of bread, D = food sales of butter. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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MICROBIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING - QUESTION 28.1 : In the calculation of the growth of bacteria, colony forming unit (CFU) in serial dilution is used. In a laboratory, viable count assay is used to estimate CFU. Formula applied is CFU / mL = (number of colonies x dilution) / (amount plated, in unit mL). Acceptable plate count is either between 20 and 200 or between 30 and 300 according to 2 different references. A wastewater sample of 200 ml is added to and mixed with 1.8 L of sterile water. Another 200 ml of the mixture is added to and mixed with 1.8 L of sterile water. (a) Calculate the dilution of first mixture and the dilution of the second mixture. (b) 100 microlitres of wastewater samples from the first mixture and the second mixture are placed separately on 2 different alga plates. The first plate has 250 colonies and the second plate has 23 colonies. Calculate the average CFU / mL.
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