Answer / kashmir singh

Procedure Oriented Programming (POP)
1. Main program is divided into small parts depending on
the functions.
2. The Different part of the program connects with each
other by parameter passing & using operating system.
3. Every function contains different data.
4. Functions get more importance than data in program.
5. Most of the functions use global data.
6. Same data may be transfer from one function to another
7. There is no perfect way for data hiding.
8. Functions communicate with other functions maintaining
as usual rules.
9. More data or functions can not be added with program if
necessary. For this purpose full program need to be change.
10. To add new data in program user should be ensure that
function allows it.
11. Top down process is followed for program design.
12. Example: Pascal, Fortran



Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
1. Main program is divided into small object depending on
the problem.
2. Functions of object linked with object using message
passing.
3. Data & functions of each individual object act like a
single unit.
4. Data gets more importance than functions in program.
5. Each object controls its own data.
6. Data does not possible transfer from one object to
another.
7. Data hiding possible in OOP which prevent illegal
access of function from outside of it. This is one of the
best advantages of OOP also.
8. One object link with other using the message passing.
9. More data or functions can be added with program if
necessary. For this purpose full program need not to be
change.
10. Message passing ensure the permission of accessing
member of an object from other object.
11. Bottom up process is followed for program design.
12. Example: C++, Java.

Answer / ajeet

example fourwheeler
pop= fourwheeler drive without staring...... move all parts
oop= drive fourwheeler with staring ...staring move -> move
all parts..........

Answer / himansu geetanjali rashmi bora

pop stand for procedure oriented programming,it main
function is to focus on function and oop stand for object
oriented programming, its function is to focus on morely on
data

Answer / sandeep kumar l

pop divide the large task in to small tasks and then start
executing the task which is nothing but a function.what the
1st function execute can pass to 2nd one and it can do
it's operation an finally it can complete the task.so here
data is moving freely in all the functions where integrity
of data and uprightness of data is not at all possible.and
it is top to bottom approach.
eg:
consider an organisation knows as bank and they have close
all the accounts by the end of the month.so 1st person can
job is add all the credits and he send the same file to 2nd
person whose job is remove the debts and finally 2nd person
send the same file to 3rd one whose job is to close the
accounts .so,what else the previous person does can make
sense to next one in this data is freely moving through
out the task.
oops is quite opposite bootom to top approach what the 3rd
person do cannot know to 2nd & 1st person similarly what
the 2nd one does cannot know to the 1st one until and
unless he give the permission that respective cannot how
the work is done ;
eg:
10 cars
10 owners
only the owner who has the key can acess his own car .he
cannot do any other car.
similary making all of them together in to a single unit
and keeping the information hiding untill and unless u give
the permission other one won't access it.it can be possible
in oop by using acess specifiers knows as pulic and
private .in stead of function we use say object which has
state and behaviour (method)
exception handling can be done in oop which cannot be
stopped in pop.
security and reusabilityof code is done in oop through
method overloading and method overriding.which is not
possible in pop

Answer / ch.johnwesily

Pop oop
not have polymorphism have polymorphism
not have operator over it suports ol
loading concept
it uses struct's it uses classes
not have Encapsulation it suports Encapsulation

Answer / chanti

oop solve complex problems easily
in pop it is some diffecult.

Answer / neha sharma kalia

in procedural language emphasis is on writing procedures
i.e. emphasis is on doing things rather than data.data is
shared by all the functions in the program.
where as in object oriented ianguage emphasis is oo data
rather than on procedures. it implements program using
class and objects.

Answer / elango

There are 2 major software development approaches. They are listed below.
• Procedure oriented approach (structure oriented approach).
• Object oriented approach
Procedure oriented approach:
• Procedure oriented approach always concentrates on functions in the particular application, instead of considering the entities involved in the application.
• The software is fully based on the functions.
• C programming is a procedure oriented programming language (POP).
• Procedure oriented approach is not suitable to create real world applications.
Example for POP:
Let us assume, we going to create software for banking domain. The application is related with money transfer. Now let us see how we will develop the software using POP.
Scenario: First customers have to get the form and should fill it and submit it to banker. Banker will receive and process the application form. Once banker done with the money transfer, banker will inform to manager stating the status of the money transfer. And manager will issue acknowledgement to the customer and customer will receive it. Current system is a manual process and we are creating application to overcome the problem in the current system.



Step 01: Identify the functions in the application.
• Start the application
• Get the application form
• Fill the form
• Submit the form
• Receive and process
• Inform to manager
• Issue acknowledgement
• Receive the acknowledgement
• Close the application
Step 02: Identify the variables in the application.
Assume money transfer is one of the modules in the application, so the application even consists of common information about the customers.
Common information’s about the customer: A/cno, name, age, account_type, e-mailid , contactno, fathername, annual_income, signature , dob.
Note: Even password credentials can also be stored in the application.
Variables needed to complete the application process:
Toa/c_holderNo, to_branch, to_bank, to_amount, application_date, etc.
Step 03:
In the application, all the functions are used in the main function. Few variables will be declared as a global variable that will be shared by the functions. And few variables are local to the function. If we write coding for all the functions and place it in a proper way, then the application works properly.
Limitations in the above developed application using POP:
• We are not giving importance to the objects involved in the application. Objects involved are Customer, Banker and Manager.
• Variables which are declared global can be accessed by any functions in the application. Even banker and manager involved functions can also access personal information’s of the customer which is declared global to the application. So security is lacking.
• In POP each function is depend on each other, but this not the structure in the real world environment.
• Any changes to the application is not that much easy.
Note:
Customer functions – get the form, fill the form, submit the form, and receive the acknowledgement.
Banker functions – receive and process, inform to manager.
Manager function – issue acknowledgement.
Note:
To overcome the limitations in the POP language, we just moved to the next level called object oriented programming language.
Procedure oriented language are used to develop small applications.



Object oriented approach:
• Object oriented approach always concentrates on objects or entities involved in the application.
• The software is fully based on classes and objects.
• C++ and JAVA is object oriented programming language (OOP).
• Object oriented approach is used to create real world applications.
• Object oriented approach provides data security, overloading, inheritance, etc.
Developing the same application using OOP language:
Step 01: Identify the Entities involved in the application.
• Entities involved are Customer, Banker, and Manager.
• The basic concept involved in the OOP language is CLASSES.
• Classes in the particular application are entities involved in the application.
• So we need to declare 3 classes in the application - Customer, Banker, and Manager.
Step 02: Place the functions and variables in the classes.
• Customer class functions – get the form, fill the form, submit the form, and receive the acknowledgement.
• Banker class functions – receive and process, inform to manager.
• Manager class function – issue acknowledgement.
• Customer class variables - A/cno, name, age, account_type, e-mailid , contactno, fathername, annual_income, signature , dob, password credentials , Toa/c_holderNo, to_branch, to_bank, to_amount, application_date, etc.
• Banker class Variables - only a/cno, name, signature, Toa/c_holderNo, to_branch, to_bank, to_amount, application_date are exposed to banker class to process the application.
• Manager class variables – Manager Class consist of variable Manager ID which is exposed only to banker class, not to customer class. Only a/cno, name and status of the application are exposed to the manager class to acknowledge the customer.
Step 03: Final step. The objects of Customer, Banker and Manager Classes are interacted with each other. This is the way the complete application is designed in the object oriented programming language.
Advantages of OOP when compare to POP:
• It is more suitable for real time application development. It very close to the real world implementation.
• Here we are giving importance to the objects involved in the application. Rather than giving importance to the functionality. Objects involved are Customer, Banker and Manager.
• Variables are declared in the related classes, and only the necessary information’s are exposed to the other classes. So data security can be ensured.
• In OOP each functions is not depend on each other. The objects interact with each other using functions.


Link for reference:
http://freefeast.info/general-it-articles/difference-between-procedure-oriented-programming-and-object-oriented-programming-procedure-oriented-programming-vs-object-oriented-programming/

Answer / egal patel

**Object oriented languages are Java,VB.NET,C#.net
**procedural programming languages are C,VB,Perl,Basic

Answer / k.j.sudarsanan

procedure oriented language focuses more on code accessing
data which means functions access to code.It is top to
bottom approach.object oriented approach focuses more on
object access to data and control to access it.It is bottom
to top approach.Extensibility and Reusability is achieved in
OOPS rather than procedural oriented programming.

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