Question 78 - Fact 1 : Dry air contains 20.95 % oxygen, 78.09 % nitrogen, 0.93 % argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases by volume. Fact 2 : Volume occupied is directly proportional to the number of moles for ideal gases at constant temperature and pressure. Fact 3 : 12.5 moles of pure oxygen is required to completely burn 1 mole of pure octane. Fact 4 : Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of dry air to fuel present in a combustion process such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace. Fact 5 : Molecular weight of oxygen gas is 31.998 g / mole and molecular weight of nitrogen gas is 28.014 g / mole. (a) Find the molar ratio of nitrogen and oxygen, or (moles of nitrogen) / (moles of oxygen) in dry air, by assuming ideal features of nitrogen and oxygen gases. (b) How many moles of nitrogen are available if dry air is used to completely burn the 1 mole pure octane? (c) Find the mass of fuel of 1 mole of octane with molecular weight of 114.232 g / mole. (d) Find the mass of dry air with 12.5 moles of pure oxygen by assuming only oxygen and nitrogen gases exist in the air. (e) Find the air-fuel ratio (AFR) when octane is used as fuel. (f) Find the fuel-air ratio (FAR) when octane is used as fuel.

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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.24 : (a) The net present value of an engineering project is given by V. Let Q = summation of [ T / (1 + I) ^ N ] from N = A to N = B, where P = project cost, T = tax inflow, N = duration. If V = P + Q where P = -$1000, T = $275, I = 0.12 (means 12 % , capital cost of project per year), A = 1 year, B = 5 years, calculate the value of V. (b) The present value tax shields are W = $ (11.9725, 9.1486, 6.5579, 4.1811, 2.0005) in 5 beginning balances of an engineering project. Find the adjusted present value of the engineering project X, when X = V + (summation of the values of W).

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