How does the respiratory system in man work ?
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Answer / guest
A man can live without food for a few days, but without air he cannot live even for five minutes. The moment he is born he begins to breathe will continue to breath till he is alive. During the process of breathing he draws some are into his body and expels some. If this supply if air is cut off, he is suffocated and dies.
The air we breathe in is taken into the lungs through the wind pipe. The lunge are situated in the chest-one in each side of the body. The air we breath in contains oxygen to the extent of one-fifth of the volume of air. The oxygen is dissolved in the blood and is carried to all parts of the body. The oxygen combines with the tissues and sets free the energy contained in them. The combination of oxygen with a substance is known as the process of oxidation, combustion or burning is going on in the human body every moment of the life of a man-whether he
is awake or asleep. Heat is, of course, generated, but there is no fire.
The whole system of respiration can be summarized as follows :
(1) Pure blood received from the lungs is pumped by the heart into the large arteries.
(2) Veins bring impure blood from various parts of the body and pour it into the heart.
(3) The heart pumps it out into the lungs for purification. Thus a cycle is formed and the process is automatic. Lungs are the most important part of this system, because it is they that purify the impure blood and discharge waste products like carbon dioxide.
The other parts of the respiratory system are :
(a) the nose.
(b) The upper part of the wind-pipe which is modified into the voice box known as larynx.
(c) The wind-pipe.
(d) The lungs.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 121 Yes | 59 No |
Answer / mike
The Respiratory System is a Oxygen Delivery System
The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply
oxygen to the blood system in order for the blood to
deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory
system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we I
inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of
gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen
to the blood.
Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose, trachea,
lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system
through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes
through the larynx (where speech sounds are produced) and
the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity.
In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller
tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again
forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead
directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller
tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The
average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these
spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries.
The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then
diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood.
Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its
carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows
the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out
of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The
diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom
of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and
relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm
contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the
diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the
lungs.
Why do you need to breathe?
All the cells in your body require oxygen. Without it, they
couldn't move, build, reproduce, and turn food into energy.
In fact, without oxygen, they and you would die! How do you
get oxygen? From breathing in air which your blood
circulates to all parts of the body.
How do you breathe?
You breathe with the help of your diaphragm and other
muscles in your chest and abdomen. These muscles literally
change the space and pressure inside your body to
accomodate breathing. When your diaphragm pulls down, it
not only leaves more space for the lungs to expand but also
lowers the internal air pressure. Outside, where the air
pressure is greater, you suck in air in an inhale. The air
then expands your lungs like a pair of balloons. When your
diaphragm relaxes, the cavity inside your body gets smaller
again. Your muscles squeeze your rib cage and your lungs
begin to collapse as the air is pushed up and out your body
in an exhale.
So, it all starts at the nose?
Yup. About 20 times a minute, you breathe in. When you do,
you inhale air and pass it through your nasal passages
where the air is filtered, heated, moistened and enters the
back of the throat. Interestingly enough, it's the
esophagus or foodpipe which is located at the back of the
throat and the windpipe for air which is located at the
front. When we eat, a flap -- the epiglottis -- flops down
to cover the windpipe so that food doesn't go down the
windpipe.
So -- back to breathing -- the air has a long journey to
get to your lungs. It flows down through the windpipe, past
the voice box or vocal cords, to where the lowermost ribs
meet the center of your chest. There, your windpipe divides
into two tubes which lead to the two lungs which fill most
of your ribcage. Inside each of your sponge-like lungs,
tubes, called bronchi, branch into even smaller tubes much
like the branches of a tree. At the end of these tubes are
millions of tiny bubbles or sacs called aleoli. Spread out
flat, all the air sacs in the lungs of an adult would cover
an area about the third of a tennis court.
What do these sacs do?
They help perform an incredible magic act. Your air sacs
bring new oxygen from air you've breathed to your
bloodstream. They exchange it for waste products, like
carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have made and
can't use.
How does this exchange work?
With the help of the red blood cells in your bloodstream.
Your red blood cells are like box cars on train tracks.
They show up at the sacs at just the right time, ready to
trade in old carbon dioxide that your body's cells have
made for some new oxygen you've just breathed in. In the
process, these red blood cells turn from purple to that
beautiful red color as they start carrying the oxygen to
all the cells in your body.
But what happens to the carbon dioxide?
It goes through the lungs, back up your windpipe and out
with every exhale. It's a remarkable feat, this chemical
exchange and breathing in and out. You don't have to tell
your lungs to keep working. Your brain does it
automatically for you.
Factoids
Your lungs contain almost 1500 miles of airways and over
300 million alveoli.
Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air.
Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe in air,
use the oxygen in it, and release carbon dioxide. Plants
take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Thank goodness!
People tend to get more colds in the winter because we're
indoors more often and in close proximity to other people.
When people sneeze, cough and even breathe -- germs go
flying!
Welcome to the Respiratory System
All animals need oxygen to live. Land animals get
oxygen from the air. Without the oxygen in the air we
cannot survive more than a few minutes. Breathing happens
automatically, we do not have to even think about it.
We breathe in order to take oxygen into our bodies and get
rid of carbon dioxide. The oxygen is carried in the blood
to all the body's cells. The air we breath out has 100
times more carbon dioxide than the air we breath in.
The SINUSES are hollow spaces in the bones of the head.
Small openings connect them to the nasal cavity. The
functions they serve are not clearly understood, but
include helping to regulate the temperature and humidity of
air breathed in, as well as to lighten the bone structure
of the head and to give resonance to the voice.
The NASAL CAVITY (nose) is the preferred entrance for
outside air into the Respiratory System. The hairs that
line the inside wall are part of the air-cleansing system.
Air also enters through the ORAL CAVITY (mouth), especially
in people who have a mouth-breathing habit or whose nasal
passages may be temporarily obstructed, as by a cold.
The ADENOIDS are overgrown lymph tissue at the top of the
throat. When they interfere with breathing, they are
generally removed. The lymph system, consisting of nodes
(knots of cells) and connecting vessels, carries fluid
throughout the body. This system helps resist body
infection by filtering out foreign matter, including germs,
and producing cells (lymphocytes) to fight them.
The TONSILS are lymph nodes in the wall of the pharynx that
often become infected. They are an unimportant part of the
germ-fighting system of the body. When infected, they are
generally removed.
The PHARYNX (throat) collects incoming air from the nose
and passes it downward to the trachea (windpipe).
The EPIGLOTTIS is a flap of tissue that guards the entrance
to the trachea, closing when anything is swallowed that
should go into the esophagus and stomach.
The LARYNX (voice box) contains the vocal cords. It is the
place where moving air being breathed in and out creates
voice sounds.
The ESOPHAGUS is the passage leading from the mouth and
throat to the stomach.
The TRACHEA (windpipe) is the passage leading from the
pharynx to the lungs.
The RIBS are bones supporting and protecting the chest
cavity. They move to a limited degree, helping the lungs to
expand and contract.
The trachea divides into the two main BRONCHI (tubes), one
for each lung. These, in turn, subdivide further into
bronchioles.
The RIGHT LUNG is divided into three LOBES, or sections.
The left lung is divided into two LOBES.
The PLEURA are the two membranes, that surround each lobe
of the lungs and separate the lungs from the chest wall.
The bronchial tubes are lined with CILIA (like very small
hairs) that have a wave-like motion. This motion carries
MUCUS (sticky phlegm or liquid) upward and out into the
throat, where it is either coughed up or swallowed. The
mucus catches and holds much of the dust, germs, and other
unwanted matter that has invaded the lungs and thus gets
rid of it.
The DIAPHRAGM is the strong wall of muscle that separates
the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. By moving
downward, it creates suction to draw in air and expand the
lungs.
The smallest subdivisions of the bronchi are called
BRONCHIOLES, at the end of which are the alveoli (plural of
alveolus).
The ALVEOLI are the very small air sacs that are the
destination of air breathed in. The CAPILLARIES are blood
vessels that are imbedded in the walls of the alveoli.
Blood passes through the capillaries, brought to them by
the PULMONARY ARTERY and taken away by the PULMONARY VEIN.
While in the capillaries the blood discharges carbon
dioxide into the alveoli and takes up oxygen from the air
in the alveoli.
Your respiratory system is dominated by your lungs. They
bring fresh oxygen (O2) into your body and expel carbon
dioxide (CO2). Oxygen travels from your lungs through the
bloodstream to the cells in all parts of your body. Cells
use the oxygen as fuel and give off carbon dioxide as waste
gas. The waste gas is carried by the bloodstream back to
the lungs to be exhaled.
The lungs accomplish this vital process - called gas
exchange - using an automatic and quickly adjusting control
system. This gas exchange process occurs in combination
with your central nervous system, blood circulatory system,
and your chest and diaphragm muscles.
In addition to gas exchange, your lungs and the other parts
of your respiratory system have other important jobs
related to breathing. These include:
Bringing all air to the proper body temperature.
Moisturizing the inhaled air for necessary humidity.
Protecting the body from harmful substances by coughing,
sneezing or filtering them, or by alerting the body through
your sense of smell.
Defending the lungs with cilia (tiny hair-like structures)
and mucus, which act to remove harmful substances deposited
in the respiratory system.
How your health is affected
Lung tissue cells can be injured directly by air pollutants
such as ground-level ozone, metals and free radicals. Ozone
can damage the alveoli ― the individual air sacs in the
lung where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Lung tissue has an abundant blood supply that can carry
toxic substances and their metabolites to distant organs.
In response to toxins, your lung cells also release a
variety of potent chemical mediators that may critically
affect the function of other organs such as those of the
cardiovascular system. This may also cause lung
inflammation and impair lung function.
Particulates
Deposition of inhaled particles within the lungs varies
widely depending on the particle size. Airway tissues that
are rich in bioactivation enzymes can transform organic
pollutants into reactive metabolites and cause secondary
lung injury.
Larger (coarse) particles in air pollution are more likely
to deposit in the upper airways of your lungs, and affect
this part of your lungs. Smaller (fine) particles penetrate
deeply into the alveolar region of the lungs and appear to
be able to affect more basic lung function. These effects
may be related to aspects of the chemistry or physical
nature of the particles.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 77 Yes | 28 No |
Answer / annie skenes
The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply
oxygen to the blood system in order for the blood to
deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory
system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we I
inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of
gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen
to the blood.
Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose, trachea,
lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system
through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes
through the larynx (where speech sounds are produced) and
the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity.
In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller
tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again
forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead
directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller
tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The
average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these
spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries.
The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then
diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood.
Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its
carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows
the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out
of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The
diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom
of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and
relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm
contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the
diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the
lungs.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 20 Yes | 4 No |
Answer / aby tom
we can define respiration as exchange of O2 and co2 .
respiration starts and ends at same part of our body called
nostrils . differnce of air pressure between atmospere and
lungs was the main cause of respiration . respiration is
controled by our brain through intercoastal musles and
diafrom . when our body needs o2 brain inform inter coastal
musles and diafrom by that they contrats . at that time air
pressure in lungs is lower than atmospere . so the air gets
in through nose and reaches lungs . that air contains more
o2 . then air exchange happens . at that time lungs filled
with co2 containing air . at that time inter coastal musles
and diafrom releases because of that air pressure in lungs
increases than atmospere . so air gets out.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 32 Yes | 18 No |
Answer / chandan yadav
1. The Nostril:
Present inside the nose and above the mouth it is regionated anteroposteriorly into vestibule, respiratory channel and olfactory organs. A cartilaginous nasal septum divides the vestibule into two lateral halves. The respiratory channel passes through scroll-like turbinal bones and passes by olfactory region into pharynx through a pair of posterior nare. It performs (i) filtration, (ii) air-conditioning and (iii) warming.
2. Pharynx:
Pharynx is a common passage for air and food. The pharynx is divisible into naso-pharynx, oropharynx and laryngeal pharynx.
3. The Larynx and Vocal Cords:
It is the anterior enlarged part of the wind pipe, made of cartilage i.e. thyroid, cricoids. Arytenoids, etc. the enlarged thyroid cartilage is called Adam’s apple. A cartilaginous muscular flap, the epiglottis is attached to the top of the thyroid cartilage. It can close the glottis while swallowing food. Vocal cords are stretched between thyroid and arytenoids cartilages. Vibrations of vocal cords produce sound. Rima glottidis is the opening between the cords.
4. Trachea:
The wind pipe, trachea is 10-12cm long and 2.5 compound in diameter. Entering into thoracic cavity trachea divides into the right and left bronchi. The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilages.
5. Bronchi:
Each bronchus enters the lungs of its side. The right bronchus gives up four branches while the left has two.Inside each lung these branches go on ramifying till a bronchial tree is formed. The terminal bronchioles open into a space called vestibule which gives rise to one to three respiratory bronchioles. The wall of respiratory bronchioles form thin walled sac-like alveoli.
A respiratory bronchiole divides into alveolar ducts which in turn to atria and the latter gives rise to alveoli or air sacs.
6. Lungs:
Lungs are the principal organs of respiration.Ty lie in thoracic cavity. Right lung is 3-lobed and left lung two-lobed. The cone shaped space between two lungs is called mediastinum. Each lung is covered by a two-layered membrane. Its outer membrane is called parietal pleura and inner visceral pleura. The space between these two membranes is called pleural cavity which is filed with a serous fluid. This fluid lubricates the lungs and protects them from friction.
Structure of Alveolus:
Alveoli are the sites for gas exchange. Human lungs have 7, 50, 00,000 alveoli. Total surface of alveoli is about 100 sq.meters which is about 50 times of skin. Each alveolus is about 0.1mm in diameter and lined by squamous epithelium. The alvelor squamous epithelium is covered by a lipoproteinous substance called lung surfactant. The wall of adjacent alveoli is fused to form inter-alveolar septa. This septa contains blood vessles, fine muscles and connective tissue.
Mechanism of pulmonary respiration-It includes breathing movement and exchange of gases by lungs.
Breathing movement- The thoracic cavity is a air tight chamber which is enclosed dorsally by vertebral column, ventrally by sternum, laterally by ribs, anteriorly by neck and posteriorly by diaphagram. Diaphagram is a dome-shaped partition of skeletal muscle in between thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Breathing includes two processes- inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is a process of intake of air into lungs.
It is a ctive process. When the external intercostals muscles contract the diaphragam becomes flat and space inside thoracic cavity increases. Simultaneously the high pressure air from outside rushes into lungs. Expiration is a process of expulsion of air from the lung. In this process the internal intercostals muscles contract and diphragam becomes original dome-shaped and the space inside thoracic cavity decreases, lungs are compressed and air is expelled out. In female diaphragm does not take part an important role in inspiration to prevent injury to foetus in uterus? Therefore, ribs play important role in female whereas diaphragm in male.
Pulmonary exchange of gases- External respiration takes place between blood in alveolar capillaries and the aeveiolar air. The partial pressure of O2(Po2)in the air alveolar air is 100mm Hg and in venous blood is 40mm Hg.So oxygen from alveolar air diffuses into venous blood in lungs. On the other hand, the partial pressure of CO2 or PCO2 into venous blood is 46mm Hg and in alveolar air is 40mm Hg. Therefore, CO2 diffuses from venous blood to alveolar air in lungs.However; N2 is physiologically inert with regard to respiration.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 9 Yes | 1 No |
Answer / honeyvelle bas
The Respiratory system begins up top with the nose.
The nose is the body's humidification and filtering system.
The nose filters dirt and other particles that should not
get inside the body.
Those nose hairs catch it.
When we breath in, the nose is also a humidification system
so that the lungs don't dry out.
The mouth and the wind pipe come next.
The wind pipe is the trachea. Did you ever hear anyone say,
"oh that went down the wrong pipe..?" That is correct.
Food goes down the esophagus into the stomach, air goes down
the trachea into the lungs.
That is why people gag and cough when something goes down
the wrong pipe.
The lungs are not meant to have food in them.
Next the lungs do all of their work.
This is where all the air exchange takes place. The air goes
into the lungs this is where the gas exchange takes place.
The lung tissue is full of blood vessels.
The oxygen gets dropped off by the lungs into the blood
vessels while at the same time picking up the carbon dioxide.
You exhale to get rid of the carbon dioxide and inhale to
get the oxygen from the air into the body.
If there is some sort of blockage in the lungs that prevents
the lungs from dropping of the oxygen and picking up the
carbon dioxide, this can be considered to be lung disease,
illness or something acute, an emergency.
Examples of lung disease that make it difficult for air
exchange to take place include the following: emphysema,
cystic fibrosis, asthma, and empyema.
Examples of illnesses that happen to make breathing
difficult can be pneumonia or bronchitis.
Examples of something acute can be a foreign body such as
food or anything that we put in our mouths that we breath in
to our airway or aspirate. This can be a life threatening
emergency.
The muscle that helps the lungs breath is called the
diaphragm. Breathing is something that happens passively,
something that we don't even think about...that is unless it
is something that becomes difficult to do.
To summarize: The respiratory system works by getting the
good air in and the bad air out.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 7 Yes | 3 No |
Answer / abdul basit
Like other life processes, the respiration also occurs in Organism for the transport of Oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.Respiration is involuntary action controlled by breathing centre in the medulla. respirtory tract is also called air passage way which consists of nostrils,nasal cavities,pharynx,glottis,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveolar ducts and alveoli.
the lungs are the principle organs of respiration. the lungs themselves neither draw in air nor push it out. The diaphragm, abdominal muscles and the intercostals muscles accomplish the expansion and contraction of the lungs.breathing takes place in to phases i.e:inspiration(when air enter into the lungs) and expiration(when air comes out of the lungs).
Is This Answer Correct ? | 2 Yes | 0 No |
Answer / ///
Simply the respiratory system is responsible for exchange of gases between body fluid and outer enviroment.It consists of;
1:Nostrils
2:Nasal cavity
3:Glottis
4:Larynx
5:Trachea
6:Bronchi
7:Bronchioles
8:Alveolar ducts
9:Alveoli
Is This Answer Correct ? | 0 Yes | 0 No |
Answer / kwabena kwakye boateng
Respiration occurs in the cells of the body.In humans the
respiratory system transports oxygen from the air to the
blood stream where it can be taken to the cells.the proces
of taking in oxygen and given out carbon dioxide may be
called EXTERNAL RESPIRITION.The chemical process of oxygen
with food [glucose]to release energy is called tissue
raespiration.during inhalation, the chet rises and the ribs
move up and out,when the oxygen gets into the blood cells
it is picked by the red blood cells throug the capillaries
around them the oxygen is then transported to the tissues
of the chemical breakdown.The hairs in our nose trap the
dirt and prevent them fromentering the lungs.the mucus
traps dirt and germs and the hair waft thethe mucus into th
throat to be swallowed.The air we breathe out is warmer
than the one we breathe in.Fatty acids can also be oxidiced
to release energy.
Is This Answer Correct ? | 20 Yes | 31 No |
Answer / eric ayodeji
it goes through the Nostril-----trachea-----larynx----
bronchi----lungs---veins----heart----arteries----cell----
carries carbon di-oxide back to the heart, where the
process begins again
Is This Answer Correct ? | 28 Yes | 40 No |
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