ENGINEERING PHYSICS - EXAMPLE 30.4 : (a) Time evolution in Heisenberg picture, according to Ehrenfest theorem is m (d / dt) < r > = < p >, where m = mass, r = position, p = momentum of a particle. If v = velocity, prove that m < v > = < p >. (b) Lande g-factor is given by Gj = Gl [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + Gs [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ]. If Gl = 1 and under approximation of Gs = 2, prove by calculation that Gj = (3/2) + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ].
ENGINEERING PHYSICS - ANSWER 30.4 : (a) Let (d / dt) < r > = < v >. Substitute it into m (d / dt) < r > = < p > so that m < v > = < p >, proven by momentum = mass x velocity. (b) Gj = Gl [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + Gs [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ]. When Gl = 1 and Gs = 2, Gj = [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + 2 [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = [ J (J + 1) + 2J (J + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + [ 2S (S + 1) - 2L (L + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = [ 3J (J + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = (3/2) + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] (proven). The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 31.9 : When an algebraic product is defined on the space, the Lie bracket is the commutator [x,y] = xy - yx according to Lie algebra in mathematics. If [p,x] f(x) = px f(x) - xp f(x), p = -ih d / dx, find the value of [p,x] in term of i and h.
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QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 31.8 : (a) Acceptable wavefunction in quantum mechanics in the range of : negative infinity < x < positive infinity, vanishes at least at one boundary. Which of the following is the wavefunction or are the wavefunctions of acceptable theory : P = x, P = | x |, P = sin x, P = exp (-x), P = exp (-| x |)? State the reason. (b) Let linear momentum operator P = -ih d / dz. The wavefunction is S = exp (-ikz) where i x i = -1, k and h are constants. Find the linear momentum of such wavefunction by using the term P x S.
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ENGINEERING NUMERICAL METHODS - EXAMPLE 19.2 : For a mixture of benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X), the equation applies where x for B, T and X will sum up to 1. The equation of x for each component is x = (L / V + 1) (F) / (L / V + K). The data of F for each component are : 0.5 for B, 0.35 for T, 0.15 for X. The data of K for each component are : 1.98 for B, 0.76 for T, 0.24 for X. When x for B + x for T + x for X = 1, find the values of (a) L / V; (b) x for each component of B, T, X respectively. You may use Excel program - Data : What-If-Analysis for Goal Seek to perform the iterative calculations.
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Question 51 - A batch reactor is designed for the system of the irreversible, elementary liquid-phase hydration of butylene oxide that produces butylene glycol. At the reaction temperature T = 323 K, the reaction rate constant is k = 0.00083 L / (mol - min). The initial concentration of butylene oxide is 0.25 mol / L = Ca. The reaction is conducted using water as the solvent, so that water is in large excess. (a) Let the molecular weight of water is 18 g / mol and the mass of 1 kg in 1 L of water, calculate the molar density of water, Cb in the unit of mol / L. (b) Determine the final conversion, X of butylene oxide in the batch reactor after t = 45 min of reaction time. Use the formula X = 1 - 1 / exp [ kt (Cb) ] derived from material balance. (c) Find the equation of t as a function of X.
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