ENGINEERING ECONOMY - EXAMPLE 7.2 : In the purchase of a machine with a period n = 8.5 years, the minimum attractive rate of return, i = 12 %, the cost P = $55000, F = $4000 is the salvage, annual maintenance A = $3500. The return of the investment or equivalent uniform annual benefit is $15000. The equivalent uniform annual cost is P (A / P, i, n) + A - F (A / F, i, n). The investment is considered acceptable only when equivalent uniform annual benefit is greater than the equivalent uniform annual cost. From the compound interest table, (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 8 years) = 0.2013, (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 9 years) = 0.1877, (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 8 years) = 0.0813, (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 9 years) = 0.0677. Prove by calculations whether the investment above is acceptable.
ENGINEERING ECONOMY - ANSWER 7.2 : (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 8.5 years) = (0.2013 + 0.1877) / 2 = 0.1945. (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 8.5 years) = (0.0813 + 0.0677) / 2 = 0.0745. Equivalent uniform annual cost = P (A / P, i = 12 %, n = 8.5 years) + A - F (A / F, i = 12 %, n = 8.5 years) = $55000 (0.1945) + $3500 - $4000 (0.0745) = $13899.5 < $15000 (equivalent uniform annual benefit). The investment is proven acceptable. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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X is strong but has a very low density (1% of traditional earth materials.) and hence light weight. It is a recyclable material. The compression behaviour of X is strain rate dependent. Higher strain rates result in higher initial modulus and higher compression strength. It can also withstand unlimited number of cycling loading provided the repetitive loads are kept below 80% of the compressive strength. The internal structure of the material includes air-traps which make it poor heat conductor. X is non- biodegradable and chemically inert in both soil and water. Most acids and their water solutions do not attack it; however strong oxidizing acids do. Solvents which attack X include esters, ketones, ethers, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and their emulsions, among others. It does not support bacterial/fungal growth as well .It also has significant acoustic properties and effectively reduces the transmission of airborne sound. X is combustible and should not be exposed to open flame or other ignition sources. Combustion products are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and soot. Long-term exposure to sunlight causes yellowing and a slight embrittlement of the surface due to ultraviolet light. X is able to withstand the rigours of temperature cycling, assuring long-term performance.
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.37 : A biochemical engineering professional applies 5-step Du Pont formula in the accounting. Let Net Income = A, Earning Before Tax (EBT) = B, Earning Before Interest, Tax (EBIT) = C, Net Sales = D, Total Assets = E, Shareholders Equity = F. Let Tax Burden = A / B = 0.75, Interest Burden = B / C = 1.05, EBIT Margin = C / D = 0.27, Asset Turnover = D / E = 0.66, Return on Equity = A / F = 0.37. (a) Calculate the value of Leverage = E / F. (b) If AB + BC + CD + DE + EF = $$ 141932, find the values of A, B, C, D, E and F.
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Question 66 – The drag coefficient Cd = 0.05 and lift coefficient Cl = 0.4 for a levelled flow aircraft are measured. The velocity of the aircraft is v = 150 ft / s with its weight W = 2677.5 pound-force. (a) Find the value of the lift of the aircraft, L, when it is also its weight. (b) The drag of the aircraft, D = Cd M, L = Cl M. Find the value of D. (c) The power required is P = Dv. If 1 pound-force x (ft / s) = 1.356 W, find the value of P in the unit of Watt or W.
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY - EXAMPLE 16.1 : According to Shockley equation, the I - V characteristic of a diode is approximated by I = IS [ exp (nVD / VT) - 1 ]. For silicon, let the reverse bias saturation current IS as 0.000000000001. If n is ideality factor with value of 1.5, VT as thermal voltage drop of 0.026 V at room temperature, what is the value of current I that passes through the silicon diode in the heater of evaporator when the forward voltage drop VD = 0.026 V? Please take note that exp is the exponential function with e(1) = 2.718, e(2) = 7.389.
CHEMICAL MATERIAL BALANCE - EXAMPLE 2.5 : In a non-dilute absorber, the inlet gas stream consists of 8 mol % carbon dioxide in nitrogen. By contact with room temperature water at atmospheric pressure, 65 % of the carbon dioxide from a gas stream has been removed. (a) Find the mole ratio of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases at inlet and outlet gas streams. (b) The Henry's Law provides y = 1640 x for carbon dioxide in water. Find the mole ratio when x = 0.0000427. Mole ratio is y / (1 - y) for y.
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ENGINEERING NUMERICAL METHODS - EXAMPLE 19.2 : For a mixture of benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X), the equation applies where x for B, T and X will sum up to 1. The equation of x for each component is x = (L / V + 1) (F) / (L / V + K). The data of F for each component are : 0.5 for B, 0.35 for T, 0.15 for X. The data of K for each component are : 1.98 for B, 0.76 for T, 0.24 for X. When x for B + x for T + x for X = 1, find the values of (a) L / V; (b) x for each component of B, T, X respectively. You may use Excel program - Data : What-If-Analysis for Goal Seek to perform the iterative calculations.
Two methanol-water mixtures are contained in separate tanks. The first mixture contains 40.0 wt % methanol and the second contains 70.0 wt % methanol. If 200 kg of the first mixture is combined with 150 kg of the second, what are the mass and composition of the product? The symbol of weight percent is wt %.