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Which of the following is the MOST effective type of
antivirus software?
A. Scanners
B. Active monitors
C. Integrity checkers
D. Vaccines
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Answer: C
"Integrity checkers compute a binary number on a known
virus-free program that is then stored in a database file.
The number is called a cyclical redundancy check (CRC). When
that program is called to execute, the checker computes the
CRC on the program about to be executed and compares it to
the number in the database. A match means no infection
a mismatch means that a change in the program has occurred.
A change in the program could mean a virus. Scanners look
for sequences of bits called signatures that are typical of
virus programs. They examine memory, disk boot sectors,
executables and command files for bit patterns that match a
known virus. Scanners, therefore, need to be updated
periodically to remain effective. Active monitors interpret
DOS and ROM basic input-output system (BIOS) calls, looking
for virus-like actions. Active monitors can be annoying
because they cannot distinguish between a user request and a
program or virus request. As a result, users are asked to
confirm actions like formatting a disk or deleting a file or
set of files. Vaccines are known to be good antivirus
software. However, they also need to be updated periodically
to remain effective."
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