Answer / sushil nayak

1) System options are global instructions that affect the entire SAS session and control the way SAS performs operations. Once you invoke a system option, it remains in effect for all subsequent data and proc steps in a SAS job, unless you specify them. For example .. OPTIONS NODATE PAGESIZE=MAX LINSIZE=MAX NOCENTER; ..search SAS online doc to knw more options.

2)Dataset options are options that you code after dataset name,for example KEEP= DROP= WHERE= FIRSTOBS= OBS=..etc dataset statement are coded anywhere within the data and run statements..for example KEEP DROP WHERE RETAIN ..etc

3)If KEEP= and KEEP statement is coded then KEEP option gets executed 1st and then the statement.

4) The following are some of the differences between the IF and WHERE statement ::
a)IF works on newly created variable within the same DATASTEP(for example, variable created by reading a raw file), but WHERE would not work for newly created variable.

b) IF works on Automatic variable (_n_,first. , last.), but WHERE would not work for the same.

c)WHERE can be applied in PROC and DATASTEPS, but IF can be applied to DATASTEPS only.

d) IF does a char to num conversion or visa-versa while checking a condition (IF NEEDED), but WHERE would no cause ERROR, stating that variable being checked is incompatible variable.

There are other differences, would recommend searching sas online or sas sugi papers to knw more.

5) If a WHERE and IF can be applied with a datastep then WHERE should be choosen, reason being, the WHERE statement is more efficient than IF statement.

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