What is Reserve & Surplus? Plz give me with some Example.
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Answer Posted / ajay naraina
Reserves and surplusAt the end of an accounting period the
company may decide to transfer part of the profits to a
reserve and retain the balance in the profit and loss
account. The reserve created out of profits transferred
from profit and loss account is called general reserve. The
balance in the profit and loss account is called a surplus
and will be shown under this head in the balance sheet.
The company can use the general reserve for various
purposes including issue of bonus shares to shareholders
and payment of dividend when profits are insufficient.
The premium received when shares are issued at a premium
to the face value is shown under the head reserves and
surplus
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A firm had the following Balances on 1 January 1994: (i) Provision for bad and doubtful debts Rs 2,500 (ii) Provision for discounts on debtors Rs 1,200 (iii) Provision for discounts on creditors Rs 1,000 During the year, bad debts amounted to Rs 2,000, discounts allowed were Rs 100 and discounts received were Rs 200. During 1995 bad debts amounting to Rs l,000 were written off while discounts allowed and received were Rs 2,000 and Rs 5,000 respectively. Total debtors on 31 December, 1995 were Rs 48,000 before writing off bad debts, but after allowing discounts. On 31 December, 1995, this amount was Rs 19,000 after writing off the bad debts, but before allowing discounts. Total creditors on these two dates were Rs 20,000 and Rs 25,000 respectively. It is the firm’s policy to maintain a provision of 5% against bad and doubtful debts and 2% for discount on debtors and a provisions of 3% for discount on creditors. Show the accounts relating to provisions on debtors and provisions on creditors for the year 1994 and 1995.
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