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Topic :: Reaction
CHEMICAL ENERGY BALANCE - EXAMPLE 11.1 : Please match the term A - E with the stated definition i - v. Terms : A. Yield. B. Selectivity. C. Relative saturation. D. Molal saturation. E. Absolute saturation. Definitions : i. (moles of desired product formed) / (moles that would have been formed if there were no side reactions and the limiting reactant has reacted completely); ii. (moles of desired product formed) / (moles of undesired product formed); iii. (relative humidity 40 % means partial pressure of water vapour equals 4 / 10 of the vapour pressure of water at the system temperature); iv. (moles of vapour) / (moles of vapour dry gas); v. (mass of vapour) / (mass of dry gas).
1 2134REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.1 : In a furnace, 2 chemical reactions are happening - 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas; 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 0.5 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon monoxide gas. In a given process, 100 kmol of carbon is burned in a furnace. (a) Calculate the theoretical oxygen gas needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas. (b) Calculate the theoretical air needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas and there is only 21 % of oxygen gas. (c) Determine the amount of air required (in kmol) if 50 % excess oxygen gas must be satisfied for (a) and (b). (d) It has latter been found that 20 % of the carbon undergoes incomplete combustion resulting to carbon monoxide gas production. The rest of the carbon undergoes complete combustion. Calculate the total oxygen gas required stoichiometrically based on the actual process.
1 2624REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.2 : A batch reactor is designed for the system of the irreversible, elementary liquid-phase hydration of butylene oxide that produces butylene glycol. At the reaction temperature T = 323 K, the reaction rate constant is k = 0.00083 L / (mol - min). The initial concentration of butylene oxide is 0.25 mol / L = Ca. The reaction is conducted using water as the solvent, so that water is in large excess. (a) Let the molecular weight of water is 18 g / mol and the mass of 1 kg in 1 L of water, calculate the molar density of water, Cb in the unit of mol / L. (b) Determine the final conversion, X of butylene oxide in the batch reactor after t = 45 min of reaction time. Use the formula X = 1 - 1 / exp [ kt (Cb) ] derived from material balance. (c) Find the equation of t as a function of X.
1 2264REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.3 : The half-life for first order reaction could be described in the differential equation dC / dt = -kC where k is a constant, C is concentration and t is time. (a) Find the equation of C as a function of t. (b) Find the half life for such reaction or the time required to reduce 50 % of the initial concentration, where k = 0.139 per minute. (c) When the initial concentration Co is 16 mol / cubic metre, how long does the reaction required to achieve the final concentration of 1 mol / cubic metre?
1 2041FOOD ENGINEERING - QUESTION 23.3 : (a) In the measurement of the browning (optical density) of fruit juice at 10 day interval, the following pairs of data are obtained with time t in days and browning or optical density (OD) : t = 0, OD = 0.05; t = 10, OD = 0.071; t = 20, OD = 0.089; t = 30, OD = 0.11; t = 40, OD = 0.128; t = 50, OD = 0.149; t = 60, OD = 0.17. (i) By using Excel or other programs, determine if such browning reaction can be characterised by pseudo zero order kinetics, with strong correlations between the data pairs of t and OD. (ii) When OD = 0.24, the shelf life T of such juice is expired. Calculate the value of T. (b) Let food cost percentage = ( food cost / food sales ) x 100. If total food cost of bread and butter are $25, food cost percentage of bread is 50 % and for butter is 50 %, find the total food sales of bread and butter.
1 2137Which of the following is produced during allergic reactions ? a) Heparin b) Histamine c) Seratonin d) Selastamine
1 1456Your project involves the research and development of a new food additive. You’re ready to release the product to your customer when you discover that a minor reaction might occur in people with certain conditions. The reactions to date have been very minor, and no known long-lasting side effects have been noted. As project manager you should: A. Do nothing because the reactions are so minor that very few people will be affected. B. Inform the customer that you've discovered this condition and tell them you'll research it further to determine the impacts. C. Inform your customer that there is no problem with the additive release the product to them. D. Tell the customer you'll correct the reaction problems in the next batch but you'll release the first batch of product to them now to begin using.
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Which vitamins participate, in coenzyme form, in reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
What is the the primary cause of an inflammatory reaction to an overhanging gingival margin of a restoration ?
What is the reaction characterized by degranulation of mast cells as a result of antigen-antibody complexes affixed to cell surfaces?
Explain how a system of chemical reactions can be represented as ODEs and PDEs?
How measurements of reaction times can be used to infer brain architecture?
What specific mechanism regulates cyclic vs noncyclic electron transfer during light reactions of photosynthesis?
What reactions cause safranin to stain plant tissues red?
How are reaction rates dependent upon free energy changes?
What are the structures of the products of this reaction, and how are they identified?
How are coupled reactions used in biochemistry?
I have given the protocol for the cyclodextrin glygosyl transferase assay: One ml of appropriately diluted enzyme sample was incubated at 60 °C for 15 min with 5 ml of 1% (w/v) gelatinized soluble starch in 50 mM, 7.0-pH Tris–HCl buffer. Reaction was terminated by boiling the reaction mixture for 3 min and reaction volume was made to 10 ml with distilled water. Two ml of above reaction mixture was withdrawn and mixed with 3 ml of Tris–HCl buffer, 5 ml of 125 mM Na2CO3, and 0.5 ml of phenolphthalein (25 mg phenolphthalein/100 ml absolute alcohol). Absorbance was measured at 550 nm. The percent decrease of sample was calculated with respect to control containing 5 ml of buffer, 5 ml of sodium carbonate and 0.5 ml of phenolphthalein. where Acontrol = absorbance of control and Atest = absorbance of sample. The amount of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) produced was estimated from the standard graph of 0–500 μg/ml β-CD concentration against % decrease in absorbance. One unit of CGTase was defined as the amount of enzyme required to produce 1 μm of β-CD/min. Please can you suggest me the formula for the defination given in the last line
my qualification is b.tech- industrial biotech. i was read about many chemical engineering subject as a allied like unit operation, chemical thermodynamics, chemical reaction engineering , mass transfer and separation, downstream processing and principle of chemical engineering. and i have 2 yrs working exprience on in the field of instrumentation and control... and my query is "can i able work as process technologist" and which subject i want conc. more?........
1. What are good characteristics of good combustion in a boiler? 2. What do you analyze from boiler water analysis? 3. What do you treat in high alkalinity of boiler water? 4. What is a feed water pump? Dearator feed heater? 5. What is the purpose of the nozzle of impulse turbine? 6. What are the things needed to have an efficient boiler burning? 7. Name Of Parts And Each Purpose 8. What are the causes of emergency stop in a steam engine? 9. What is the normal vacuum pressure in a steam turbine atmospheric condenser? What would cause the press to falls? 10. Steam turbine (function an parts) 11. What is the boiling point of water? 12. What are the safety devices of boiler? 13. What is the effect of high alkaline water to a boiler? 14. Steps In starting boilers. 15. Small gear found in the steam turbine. 16. What is an Economizer? 17. What are the methods of heat transfer? 18. Types of pressure 19. What are the different parts of impulse reaction turbine? 20. What is the color of the flame of the boiler running in good condition? 21. What type of pump is commonly used is feed water system in auxiliary boiler? 22. What is the specific heat of water? 23. What do you do to prevent flare black? 24. What is a brake horsepower? 25. What is the purpose of a de-superheater? 26. What is the purpose of corrugated furnaces? 27. What are the causes of steam turbine failure? 28. What is the purpose of superheater? 29. Given a cutaway isometric view of the steam turbine. Examinee was asked to identify the following Parts: 30. What is thrust bearing? 31. Give five boiler mounting valves. 32. In steam boiler, what are the various test in water boiler? 33. How much calorific value of heat is needed to heat 00c of 34. What will happen if boiler backfires? 35. What is the color of flame if the boiler is running in good condition? How about when it is not in good condition? 36. How does the steam work in a steam turbine? 37. What are the causes of boiler backfire and steps in how to prevent it from happening? 38. What are the causes of high alkalinity in boiler water? 39. What are sensible heat, latent heat, and specific heat of water? 40. What are the causes of turbine vibration 41. Identify the parts of steam turbine 42. What is the normal Ph value of boiler water 43. Causes of dilution of lubricating oil in a steam turbine? 44. Explain briefly- good combustion of auxiliary boiler? 45. Method of testing or checking boiler water? 46. What is mean carry over of Aux. Boiler? 47. What are steam turbine parts usually come into damage? 48. Why must we pay attention when we drain steam in steam turbine. What factors are observed? 49. What type of pump use in boiler F.O. system? 50. What parameters to be reported when we send lubricating oil for shore analysis? 51. In boiler, what does steam and smoke goes out to the funnel. What reason? 52. Where can you find the feed check valve and feed stop valve and give the purpose of it? 53. What are the causes of troubles in boiler during operations? 54. Give the purpose of nozzle in impulse turbine? 55. What s gland sealing steam? 56. How to prevent back fire of boiler? 57. What is the used of economizer in boiler? 58. What is the seal packing gland for turbine? 59. What is the flow of steam in an impulse turbine? 60. What will happen if you blow the soot in the boiler? 61. State the purpose of air heater? 62. How to operate soot blower boiler and economizer? 63. What do you mean by A.CC.? 64. What is the thermal efficiency of a diesel engine? 65. What is a blow down valves?
why the reaction turbines are not exposed to atmosphere? and why the impulse turbines are exposed to?
What is the brigg's raucher reaction?
