Answer / p.rajasekar

Procedures provide advantages in the following
areas:
1•security
Stored procedures can help enforce data security.
You can restrict the database operations that users can
perform by allowing them to access data only through
procedures and functions.
For example, you can grant users access to a
procedure that updates a table, but not grant them access
to the table itself. When a user invokes the procedure, the
procedure executes with the privileges of the procedure's
owner. Because users only have the privilege to execute the
procedure and not the privileges to query, update, or
delete from the underlying tables, users can invoke the
procedure, but they cannot arbitrarily manipulate table
data in any other way.

2•performance
Reduces network traffic as compared to no. of
individual SQL sent
Since procedure’s complied form is available in the
database, no compliation step required to execute the code.
If procedure is present in SGA then retrieval from
disk is not required and execution can begin immediately.

3•Memory allocation
Since stored procedures take advantage of shared
memory capabilities of ORACLE, only a single copy of the
procedure needs to be loaded into memory for execution by
multiple users.
4•productivity
Stored procedures increase development
productivity. By designing applications around a common set
of procedures, you can avoid redundant coding and increase
your productivity.

5•Integrity
By developing all of your applications around a
common group of procedures, you can reduce the likelihood
of committing coding errors.

Answer / greatasoft-mani.b

Stored Procedure's are precomplied one. When ever you call
a stored procedure it generate the result faster than
ordinay coding. The improve the performance of the
application i.e to reduce the time stored procedure's are
used

Answer / roopesh kumar

The stored procedures are compiled pl/sql code block that
are stored in oracle's data dictonary as p-code. When we
have to use a perticular code block many times then we
should use procedure, function etc.

The use of procedure save time of execution of a block &
remove the need to write the code of a block every time.

What is user defined functions?

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SELECT emp_num, years, SUM(salary) FROM sales UNION ALL SELECT emp_id, SUM(takehomepay) FROM marketing What error is present in the sample code above? 1. Queries being combined with the UNION ALL statement are not allowed to have SELECT lists with a different number of expressions. 2. You are not allowed to use aggregate functions within two queries joined by a UNION ALL statement. 3. The UNION ALL statement incorrectly combines the "years" result from the first query with the "SUM (takehomepay)" result from the second query. 4. Unless the UNION ALL statement is replaced with a UNION statement, the queries will return duplicates. 5. The "emp_id" column from the second query must be renamed (or aliased) as "emp_num" so that it corresponds to the column name from the first query. Otherwise, the queries will not execute.

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Explain ttitle and btitle.

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select 10 from dual; y its showing all the rows with 10?

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write a query to find out the no. of employees whose age is less than 25 and max of salary for the employees belonging to a particular department is less than 20000

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