Answer / ram

Confusion often arises between routing protocols and routed protocols. While routing protocols help the router decide which paths to send traffic along, routed protocols are responsible for the actual transfer of traffic between L3 devices.[5] Specifically, a routed protocol is any network protocol that provides enough information in its network layer address to allow a packet to be forwarded from one host to another based on the addressing scheme, without knowing the entire path from source to destination. Routed protocols define the format and use of the fields within a packet. Packets generally are conveyed from end system to end system. Almost all layer 3 protocols, and those that are layered over them, are routable, with IP being an example. Layer 2 protocols such as Ethernet are necessarily non-routable protocols, since they contain only a link-layer address, which is insufficient for routing: some higher-level protocols based directly on these without the addition of a network layer address, such as NetBIOS, are also non-routable.
In some cases, routing protocols can themselves run over routed protocols: for example, BGP runs over TCP: care is taken in the implementation of such systems not to create a circular dependency between the routing and routed protocols. That a routing protocol runs over particular transport mechanism does not mean that the routing protocol is of layer (N+1) if the transport mechanism is of layer (N). Routing protocols, according to the OSI Routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism:
IS-IS runs over the data link layer
OSPF, IGRP, and EIGRP run directly over IP; OSPF and EIGRP have their own reliable transmission mechanism while IGRP assumed an unreliable transport
RIP runs over UDP
BGP runs over TCP

Answer / ashish tiwari

Routing Protocal -: Routing referd to the processes of
transfering the data from the source to destination if
ocures in thired layer of the 'OSI' for routing a routers
maintains a routing table router determine best path of
routing protocals.
These protocols are - "RIP" "OSPF" "IGRP" "EIGRP" "ISIS"

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