what are modified leaves,stems and roots?

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what are modified leaves,stems and roots?..

1. Leaves are modified into bulbs and used to store food.
Ex. Onion (Allium cepa)

2. Leaves are modified into spines and used for defence or
water loss.
Ex. Opuntia marnierana

3. Leaves are modified into floral bracts and used to
attract insects.
Ex. Bougainvillea glabra

4. Leaves are modified to form an insect trap.
Ex. Venus fly trap (Dionaea muscipula)

1. Stems are modified into phylloclade or cladode and used
in photosynthesis.
Ex. Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus)

2. Stems are modified into rhizome and used in storage.
Ex. Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

3. Stems are modified into corm and used in storage.
Ex. Crocus (Crocus species)

4. Stems are modified into tendrils and used for
climbing/support.
Ex. Grape vine (Vitis species)

1. Roots are modified into aerial roots and used for
absorption.
Ex. Epiphytic orchid (Oncidium species)

2. Roots are modified into pneumatophores and used in
aeration.
Ex. Mangrove (Sonneratia species)

3. Roots are modified into adventitious roots and used in
attachment.
Ex. Ivy (Hedera helix)

4. Roots are modified into prop roots and used for support.
Ex. Maize (Zea mays)

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