Interested to Buy Any Domain ? << Click Here >> for more details...
Explain about V-model?
- 3 Answers
- 10027 Views
- AppLabs, I also Faced
- E-Mail Answers
Answers were Sorted based on User's Feedback
Answer / muthu
V-Model is one of the software development model, it is
suitable for short-term projects.
here both verification & validation activities are done
parallely as soon as get the requirement from the customer.
In v-model, left side of v is Verification done and right
side of v is validation done.
In verifiction side, get the requirement from customer(CRS)
& then that CRS is extracted as Software Requirement
Specification(SRS)& then SRS is converted to Architect
design(HLD)ie,high level design document it's done by
Senior Architect & then HLD is divided as LLD(low level
design document)is done by Senior software enggr.
and then coding will be done based on LLD.here all
documents are verified and reviewed.
and other side of v-model is Validation activity,
here from bottom to up like wise unit tesing is done based
on LLD document,then Integration testing is done based on
HLD document, then System testing is done based on SRS
document after finish the System testing , end project move
across to Customer side, here customer done Acceptance
testing based on CRS.it consists of two testing one is
alpha testing is done controlled environment at developer's
site with customer involvement,
and another one is beta testing is done by end user at real
world condition.
| Is This Answer Correct ? | 6 Yes | 1 No |
Answer / hari
V-model is a model in which we do verification and
validation parallely...
| Is This Answer Correct ? | 1 Yes | 1 No |
Answer / nag
V-MODEL
V stands for Verification and Validation. This model defines
conceptual mapping in between development stages and testing
stages
W.r.p.t
BRS/CRS/URS--------------------- User Acceptance Testing
Analysis reviews
SRS--------------------- System Testing
HLD-----------Integration testing (programmers)
Designer reviews
LLDUnit Testing (programmers)
Coding (programmers)
In the above V-Model the multiple stages of development
process is embedding (combining) with multiple stages of
testing process. From this model, the maximum organizations
are maintaining separate testing team only for system
testing stage because, that stage is a bottleneck stage
(phase) in software development process. After system
testing the organizations are planning to release the
software to customer site.
1. The Reviews In Analysis:
Generally the software development process starting with
requirements gathering and analysis. In this phase business
analyst category people are developing BRS and SRS
documents. For completeness and correctness of documents,
the same business analyst category people conducting a
review meeting. In this review they are concentrating on
below factors.
Are they right requirements?
(Is they are correct)
Are they complete
requirements? (Is any missing?)
Are they achievable
requirements? (Whether it is possible)
Are they reasonable
requirements? (Time factor)
Are they testable
requirements? (E.g. satellite applications)
2. Reviews In Design:
After completion
of analysis and their testing. Designer category people are
developing HLD and LLD. To verify completeness and
correctness of those documents the same designer category
people are conducting a review meeting. In this review they
are concentrate on below factors
Are they understandable designs?
(Flow of diagram)
Are they designing right
requirements? (With correct functions)
Are they designing complete
requirements? (What the project need)
Are they following able designs?
(Understandable to next level 1)
3. Unit Testing:
After completion of design
and their reviews programmers are concentrating on coding,
to physically construct a software build. In this phase
programmers are writing programs and verify that programs
using white box testing techniques. They are of four types
a. Basis Path Testing
b. Control Structure Testing
c. Program Technique Testing
d. Mutation Testing
a. Basis Path Testing:
During these test,
programmers is verifying that whether a program is running
or not. In this basis path testing programmers are following
on below procedure to test complete program.
Step 1: Draw flow diagram for that program
Step 2: Calculate number of independent paths in that program
IF
T F
IF IF
T F T F
(Cyclomatic complexity) = 4
b. Control Structure Testing:
During this test, programmers are concentrating on the
correctness and completeness of corresponding programs
output. They are check every statement including if
conditions, for loops, memory allocations? etc.
c. Program Technique Testing:
During this test, programmers are verifying the
execution speed of corresponding programs. In this testing
programmers are taking the help of monitors and profilers.
If the program speed is not good then, programmers are
performing changes in structure of that program with out
disturbing functionality.
d. Mutation Testing:
Mutation means a
change in program. Programmers are performing wanted changes
in programs and performing test repeatedly. In this test
repetition programmers are verifying completeness and
correctness of that test on program.
Test Test
Test
Executable Change
Change
Statements
Passed
Passed Passed Failed
(Incomplete Testing) (Complete Testing)
4. Integration Testing:
After
completion of dependent programs development and unit
testing, programmers are connecting them to form a complete
software build. In this Integration of programs, programmers
are verifying interfaces in between every two programs on
modules. There are four types of approaches to integration
modules such as top down, bottom up, hybrid and big bang
approaches.
a. Top-down Approach:
In this
model programmers are interconnecting main modules to sub
modules in the place of under constructive, programmers are
using temporary programs called as stubs (or) called programs
Main
Stub (Diverts control to main
module)
Disconnects
Sub1
Sub2
b. Bottom-up Approach:
In this
model programmers are interconnecting sub modules with out
using under constructive main module. In this place of that
under constructive main module, programmers are using a
temporary program called as driver (or) calling program
Main
Driver (Diverts to next stage)
Sub1
Sub2
c. Hybrid-Approach:
This approach
is a combined form of top down of top down and bottom up
approaches. It is also known as sandwich approach.
Main
Driver
Sub1
Stub
Sub2
Sub3
d. Big-Bang Approach:
In this
model programmers are interconnecting programs after
completion of complete coding.
5. System Testing:
After completion
of integration testing development people are releasing
software build to the separate testing team. This separate
testing team is validating that software build w.r.p.t
customer requirements. In this level of testing, the
separate testing team is using Black Box Testing Techniques.
These techniques are classified into 3 categories
a. Usability Testing
b. Functional Testing
c. Non-Functional Testing
a. Usability Testing:
Generally the
system test execution is a starting with usability testing.
During this test, test engineers are validating user
friendliness of every screen in our application build. This
usability testing is also known as Accessibility Testing.
This usability testing consists of two sub techniques.
1. User Interface Testing
2. Manual Support Testing
1. User Interface Testing:
(Testing as early as possible before build) during this
test, test engineers are applying below 3 factors on every
screen of our application build.
Screens of Build
Ease of use (understandable screens)
Look & Feel (Attractive)
Speed in Interface. E.g. short navigations.
2. Manual Support Testing:
During this test, test engineers are studying help documents
of our application build to estimate context sensitiveness
(Test is applied before releasing software build)
Conclusion:
Generally the technical writers of our
company are developing user manuals before release the
software to customer site. Due to this reason the manual
support testing is coming in to picture at the end of system
testing.
Receive software build from developers
User Interface
Testing
Usability
Testing Functional & Non
Functional Testing
Manual Support Testing
b. Functional Testing:
It is a
mandatory (Compulsory) testing level in system testing.
During this functional testing, test engineers are
concentrating on ?meet customer requirements?. This
functional testing is classified into two sub testing
techniques. They are functionality testing and sanitation
testing
1. Functionality Testing:
During this test, test engineers are
verifying that whether our build functionalities are working
as correct or not? In this this testing, test engineers are
concentrating on below coverage?s.
GUI Coverage (or) Behavior Coverage (Changes in properties
of objects in screens).
Error Handling Coverage (Verify the prevention of wrong
Operations)
Input Domain Coverage (Verify the size & type of every input
object values)
Manipulations Coverage (Correctness of outputs)
Backend Coverage (The impact of front-end operations on
back-end tables)
Order of Functionalities Coverage (
2. Sanitation Testing:
It is also
known as Garbage Testing. During this test, test engineers
are finding extra functionalities in our application build
w.r.p.t customer requirements.
Note:
One defect means not only missing functionality,
not only mistake in functionality but also extra functionality.
c. Non-Functional Testing:
During this non-functional testing, testing team is
concentrating on extra characteristics of that software
build to satisfy customer site people.
1. Compatibility Testing:
It is
also known as Portability Testing. During this testing, test
engineers are validating that whether our application build
is running on customers expected platform or not? Platform
means that operating system, compilers, browsers, and other
system software?s
2. Configuration Testing:
It is
also known as Hardware Compatibility Testing. During this
test, test engineers are running our application build with
various technologies of hardware devices to estimate
hardware compatibility.
E.g. Different technology printers, different technology
network, different topology networks.
3. Recovery Testing:
It is also
known as Reliability Testing. During this test, test
engineers are validating that whether our application build
is changing from abnormal state to normal state or not?
Abnormal
Changing from Abnormal to normal
using back-up and Recovery
Procedures
Normal
4. Inter-System Testing:
It is also known as
Interoperability Testing (or) End-to-End Testing. During
this test, test engineers are validating that
whether our application build is co-existence with other
software applications to share common resources.
E-Seva
Server
WBA server
EBA Local
TBA
DB server
ITA
Server
News component
(Existing Component) Common Resource
5. Security Testing:
It is also known
as penetration testing. During this test, test engineers are
validating below three factors such as
a. Authorization Testing
b. Access Control (Authentication) Testing
c. Encryption / Decryption Testing
a. Authorization Testing:
In
Authorization Testing, test engineers are validating that
whether our application build is allowing valid users and is
preventing invalid users or not?
b. Access control Testing:
In Access Control Testing, test engineers are validating
permissions of users to utilize our application build services.
c. Encryption / Decryption Testing:
In Encryption / Decryption Testing, test
engineers are trying to trace cipher text to original text.
Client
Server
Receiver
Response
Request (Sender)
Receiver Original Text (sender)
Encryption
Decryption
Description
Cipher Text
Encryption
Cipher Text
Note:
In above Security Testing, Authorization and
Access Control Tests are reasonable to be applied by test
engineers. But Encryption / Decryption test is conducted by
separate people in security team
6. Data Volume Testing:
It is
also known as Storage Testing (or) Memory Testing. During
this test, test engineers are finding peek limit of data
handled by our application build.
E.g. Ms-Access technology database are supported 2 GB
database as maximum
7. Load Testing:
Load means that the
numbers of con-current users, which are accessing our
application, build. The execution of our application build
on customer expected configuration and customer expected
load to estimate performance is called Load Testing.
8. Stress Testing:
The execution of our
application build under customer expected configuration and
various loads levels to estimate stability is called Stress
Testing.
9. Installation Testing:
During this
test, test team is doing a practice on software
installation. During this testing, testing team is taking
software build and remaining supported software?s to run our
application build in customer side.
10. Parallel Testing:
It is also known
as Comparative (or) Competitive Testing. During this test,
test engineers are comparing our software build with
old-version of software build (or) with other company?s.
This testing is applicable to software products only.
6. User Acceptance Testing:
After completion of system testing and bugs resolving, the
project management is concentrating on User Acceptance
Testing to collect feedback from Real Customers (or) Model
customers. There are two ways to conduct User Acceptance
Testing.
Alpha Testing Beta Testing
By Real Customers By Model Customers
In our development site In Model customers site
For Software applications For Software products
After Completion of user acceptance testing and their
modifications, project management is concentrating on
software release and maintenance.
7. Maintenance (or) Support:
Project Management is defining the release team along with
few developer, few test engineers and few hardware
engineers. This release team is conducting Port Testing (or)
Deployment (or) Release Testing. During this test release
team is observing below factors.
Complete Installation
Overall Functionality
Input Devices Handling
Output Devices Handling
Secondary Storage Devices Handling
Operating System Error Handling
Co-Existence with other Software Applications
After Completion of above observations release team is
giving training to customer site people and then coming back
to our organization.
During Utilization of that software, customer site people
are sending change request to our organization. The
responsible team in your organization is handling the change
request to provide service to customer site. This
responsible team is also known as Change Control Board (C.C.B).
Change Request C.C.B
Enhancement
Missed Defect
Impact Analysis
Impact Analysis
Perform Software Changes Perform Software Changes
Test Software Changes
Test Software Changes
Improve Test
Efficiency
Case Study
Numbers Testing Phase Testing Techniques Responsibility
1 Testing in Analysis Reviews Business Analyst
2 Testing in Design Reviews & Prototype Designers (or)
Architects
3 Unit Testing White Box Testing Techniques Programmers
4 Integration Testing Top-down, Bottom-up, Hybrid,
Big-bang approaches Programmers
5 System Testing Black box testing Techniques Test Engineers
6 User Acceptance Testing Alpha, Beta Testing Real Customers
(or) Model customers
7 Port Testing Complete Installation, Overall
Functionalities, Input & Output Devices Handling, Secondary
Storage Devices Handling, Operating System Error Handling,
Co-Exist Nance with other Software Applications Release Team
8 Test Software Changes in Maintenance Regression Testing
Change Control Board (C.C.B)
| Is This Answer Correct ? | 0 Yes | 3 No |
What is the difference between Business Requirement and functional Requirement
What is the difference between bug,defect, error, failulre, fault & mistake?
1.what is function incrementation and Bing- Bang 2. Drivers are also known as: a. Spade b. Test harness c. scaffolding
How to explian the V model ?
Recently igot job,Please,help me,Can u explain the real time process of manual Testing from starting.Please don't mind.
If tester found some bugs in the application then which format they will send it to development team.
How many Test Cases do we need to write for a particular application?(For example, for this AllInterview.com?)
what is installation in software referred to as?
What is the difference between function testing and system testing ? Please answer with proper pratical exmaple and avoid copy paste of text which written in book
MPHASIS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Explain Bug Life cycle What is integration testing and regression testing What is verification and validation How does winrunner recognizes the project which is in custom build What is expert view and tree view How does QTP identifies the project What is the difference between Winrunner and QTP What is Test Director and which version of test director your are using in your project What is a test plans what are the contents present in a test plan What is the risk of testing a project SEMANTIC SPACE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS What is configuration Management What is change management What are Severity and priority levels What is Data integrity and Data validity What are the browsers available and explain their versions Is it possible that Quality variates project to project What are GUI Map files and explain their Contents What is Data base check point and why we go for that What is the difference between the Client server application and a Web application Does Winrunner Supports Web applications What is process Management What is an Error, Defect, Bug What is Quality Which version of Winrunner you are using What is Build Verification and why we go for it What is Defect density What is Integration testing What is Static testing and types of Static testing What is Validation testing what is Data driven testing and why we go for data driven testing what is the definition of Testing What is Sanitation Testing MPHASIS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (SECOND ROUND) What are joins and subjoins in the data bases what is data driven testing what is verification and validation What is Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) Is Verification is related to QA and Validation is related to QC ? which type of model you follow basically in your project what is a use case How to test a Bike how to test a Lift (Elevator). which configuration Management tool do you use which Bug tracking tool do you use explain Bug life cycle what is Regression testing what is ALPHA testing ans BETA testing What types of testings comes under Non functional testing what is TEST DIRECTOR what is CMM and CMM i whar are Expressions in Winrunner What is a Compile module Is it Necessary to open the tool first or the application first after getting a bug what will you do if you add a new object or a new module for the existing application then how will you test the application which Defect tracking tool do you use what is change management What is smoke Testing what is sanity testing A application is given to you but the requirements and functionalities are missing what will you do to start the testing which testing documents will be received by the client SYNCOTA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1.what is a test plan 2.Actually when will be the testing people will be involved in the project 3.Define low priority and high severity 4.Whom do you report the Bugs 5.what are the contents present in a test plan 6.which model will you follow 7.Which Bug tracking tool do you use and what are the contents present in it 8.If a bug is reported what will be the Next work done 9. How to write test cases using Use case diagrams 10.For a given condition (X>=0<100) how many test cases you can write ACCENTURE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1.what is BVA and ECP 2.Do we have recovery manger in Winrunner 3 how does the winrunner recognizes the project 4 how is winrunner is used in the project BLUESTAR INFOTECH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS What is the difference between Sleep and wait in winrunner what is integration testing and types of testing present what is system testing what is data driven testing what is functionality testing if requirements are given to you then how do you write the test cases for it Account number = Ok cancel For above given form the valid account number starts from 1 to 1000 so is it necessary to input the 1,2,3 ….998,999,1000 test cases to check the conditions of valid account numbers I,e is it compulsory to write 1000 test cases for the above form STAG SOFTWARE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1.what are the types of recording modes in winrunner 2.what are the three modes of running a test in winrunner 3.what is synchronization point 4.what are the contents present in a test case 5.do we need testing for the project 6.what is code review and code walk through At which phase the testing starts (begin) in the project How do we test Client server applications and a Web applications what is verification and validation what is adhoc testing what is traceability matrix what is base line document what is Test Life Cycle what is regression testing and retesting what is a BUG LIFE CYCLE what is a Bug what are defects what is functionality testing and system testing. a project has to be released in one day but the testing people got that project from the developers half of the day before so what they have to do to complete the testing process. 20 what are severity level and priority levels AZTEC SOFTWARE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is BVA and ECP 2. Which version of WINRUNNER and QTP you are using in the project 3. What is the use of Recovery manager in QTP 4. What is retesting and regression testing 5. Write the SQL queries for the following EMP table to select the employee id and his details from emp table 6. For example: employee dept and employee id and employee name and employee salary 7. what is a sub and what is a driver 8. What are your roles and responsibilities in your project 9. Does BVA is equivalent to ECP 10. If you find a bug what will you do MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES TESTING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Choose the correct answer 1.Testing work starts once a)once requirements are complete b)once test cases are complete c)once coding is complete d)Beginning of the requirement 2.For White box testing ; A)The tester is completely unconcerned about the internal behaviour of the program B) the tester is concerned with finding the circumstances in which the program does not behave according to code standards C) Test data is derived from market requirements 3.stress testing is a measure of one of the following a) applilcation response time b) concurrent load on application can handle c) transaction per minute that can be handled d) virtual load at which the system will fail 4.Susan reviews a QA test plan prepared by her counterpart and gives her comments. It’s a part of a)Quality control b)Quality Assurance c)Both d)none 5.user acceptance testing means ; a)testing performed on a single stand alone module b)testing after changes have been made to ensure that no unwanted changes were introduced c)testing to ensure that system meets the needs of the organization and the end user 6.Software Quality Metrics will help you to A) Keep account on the software quality of an application B) Analyze and improve the deficiencies of the application C) Both of the above D) None of the above 7) Regression Testing: a) Tests how well the program runs with Adverse data b) Tests program input branches c) Selective retesting to verify modifications have not cause adverse effects d) Testing data during requirements phase 8)Application that has GUI must be tested for usability a) For any kind of UI applications b) More necessary for Web- based applications c) Only if the user is going to use the UI d) Only if the user pays for it 9) the program according requirements expects the uppercase letters from A to Z .analyse the following inputs and choose one that can cause the failure with greater probability. a) @, [ b) 1,0 c) B, W d) [,] 10)A system test that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies that software is able to continue execution without interruption. This definition is nearest to; a) Recovery testing b) Stress Testing c) Both of the above e) None of the above 11)Automated testing is necessary when a) testing has to be done very quickly b) number of resources are very less c) most of the test cases are similar in nature d) all of the above 12) which of the following tests is performed early in a software testing process a)Monkey testing b)Unit testing c)System testing d)None of the above 13)The testing technique that requires devising test cases to demonstrate that each program function is operational is called a) Black box testing b) Glass-box testing c) Grey-Box testing d) White-Box Testing 14) What UML diagram is useful for black box testing a) Class diagram b) Object diagram c) Use case diagram d) Sequence diagram 15) What kind of tools would you suggest to use the automation of regression tests a) Capture and play back b) Static analysis c) Simulators e) Debugging tools Basics of Winrunner 1. In analog mode of recording the maximum value of X in (X, Y) a) the height of the screen, in Pixels, minus one. b) The height of the screen, in Pixels c) The width of the screen d) The width of the screen, in Pixels 2.During play back, you accidentally hit “pause’ a) Execution stops and you need to start from the beginning of the TSL again b) Executions stops and you can start off execution again from where you had stopped, all variables Have to be redefined c) Execution stops and you can start off execution again from where you had stopped, all variables will still remain initialized e) You need to restart win runner to execute again 3) To start recording on a Web based application using win runner and IE ; What of these is the best practice a) You have to shut down all Open IE sessions, open the application and then open win runner b) You have to shut down all Open IE sessions, open win runner and then open the application c) Open application and then open win runner d) Open win runner and then open the application 4)the types of variable declarations found in a TSL function are a)Static and Public b)auto, static and public c)auto ,static and extern d)need not be declared e)C&D 5)You have executed a tl_step function in TSL for a context sensitve case . if thecondition fails] a)winrunner report shows the whole Run as failed b)winrunner report shows only that step has failed c)winrunner report ignores the failure d)None of the above 6) Which of this is true a)You always require a GUI file to play a context – sensitive script b)you always require a GUI file to play an analog script c)Not necessary to have GUI file at all d)a&b e)none of the above 7) which of the following describes the window www.india.com in regularized form a)”!.India b)”!.*India c)”!India e) all of the above f) none of the above TESTING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS INDECOM GLOBAL SERVICES Explain Classical water fall model Integration testing is conducted by developers or testers an application is given how do you test for example the money deposited in account no.2 should be transferred to Account no.1 Account no: 1 Account no: 2 Ok Cancel what is V model What is BUG life cycle What is alpha testing and beta alpha testing What is verification testing and validation testing What are ISO and CMM standards levels Which should be given more preference I.e. severity or priority ? How to use the test director in your project What is use of recovery manager in QTP What are the add ins in QTP What are expressions in QTP if the developers are not convinced with your bug in this case what will you do if the developers are developing the application then what is the job assigned to the testers What is system testing What is smoke testing What is sanity testing What is sanitation testing
what is Entry and Exit criteria explain in detail?
what is the difference bug,defect,error
Automation Testing 
