Explain about Reproduction ?

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Explain about Reproduction ?..

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Reproduction is the process of giving rise to new species
in order to continue the species. The principle methods of
reproduction in plants are as follows
1.Vegetative reproduction
2.Asexual reproduction
3.Sexual reproduction

(1)Vegetative reproduction:-
(a)Natural method of propagation:-In this kind of
reproduction, a portion gets detached from the body of
mother plant and this detached gradually grows up into a new
independent plant under suitable environmental condiotions

A plant can vegetatively propagate by
following different ways:-
(a)Budding
(b)Gemmae
(c)Leaf-tip
(d)Underground
(e)Sunaerial stems
(f)Adventions Buds
(g)Bulbils.

(1)Budding:- From the sides of vegetation cell one or more
outgrowths appear; in the case of yeast. These outgrowths
get detached from mother cell soomer or later and grows
into a new individual. Budding may often continues one after
another so that chains and even sub-chains of cells are
formed. The individual. Buds get separated from one another
and grow into a new individual.

(2)Gemmes:-In the Marchania, there develop special bodies on
the thallus which help in vegetative propagation.
(3)Leaf-tip:-Some germs like waling ferms propagates by
means by their leaf tip. These tips gets enolgated and bow
down-words. When these tips touched the ground, it strikes
roots and forms a bud. This bud then grows into independent
plant
(4)Underground stems:-Examples of these kinds are ginger,
potato, onion, etc.. These are example of underground stems
which reproduce vegetatively e.g. rhizome of ginger, tuber
of mately grow into a new plant.
(5)Sub-aerial stems:-Examples of this kind are runner of
wood sorrel, stolen of taro, the offset of water and the
sucker of chrysanthemum.
(6)Adventitous buds:-In some plants a series of adventitious
or faliar buds are produced in margins of leaf at the end of
vein. These buds then grow into a new plant. Example of this
kind one Broyophyllum, kalanchoe
(7)Bulbils:-In the garlic some of the lower flower of
inflorescence become modified into small molecular bodies
which are called as bulbils. This bulbils grow up into a new
plant when they fall on ground.
(8)Artificial methods of propagation:- This method consists
in separating the portion from the mother plant and allow it
to grow independently

Asexual reproduction:-Asexual reproduction takes by means of
asexual reproductive units called spores. These spores are
produced by parent plant and these grown further into a new
forms

Motile spores have some projections known
as cilia and these ciliated spores are known as zoospores
e.g. in fungi and algae. Non?motile spores are commonly dry
and very light and these have tough coat. These spores are
well adopted for dispersal by wind . These spores are
characteristic of terrestrial fungi.

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