POLYMER ENGINEERING - QUESTION 24.3 : The molecular weights M in kg / mol of 3 different monomers a, b and c in a polymer are Ma = 14, Mb = 16 and Mc = 18, with their respective quantities in N units having the ratio of Na : Nb : Nc = 2 : 3 : 5. (a) Find the numerical average molecular weight of the polymer by using the formula (Ma Na + Mb Nb + Mc Nc) / (Na + Nb + Nc). (b) Find the weighted average molecular weight of the polymer by using the formula (Ma Na Ma + Mb Nb Mb + Mc Nc Mc) / (Ma Na + Mb Nb + Mc Nc). (c) Calculate the polydispersity Q by using the answer in (b) divided by answer in (a). (d) Find the volumetric average molecular weight of the polymer by using the formula (Ma Na Ma Ma + Mb Nb Mb Mb + Mc Nc Mc Mc) / (Ma Na Ma + Mb Nb Mb + Mc Nc Mc). (e) Estimate the polydispersity Q by using the answer in (d) divided by answer in (b).
POLYMER ENGINEERING - ANSWER 24.3 : (a) Numerical average molecular weight = (Ma Na + Mb Nb + Mc Nc) / (Na + Nb + Nc) = (14 x 2 + 16 x 3 + 18 x 5) / (2 + 3 + 5) = 166 / 10 = 16.6 kg / mol. (b) Weighted average molecular weight = (Ma Na Ma + Mb Nb Mb + Mc Nc Mc) / (Ma Na + Mb Nb + Mc Nc) = (14 x 2 x 14 + 16 x 3 x 16 + 18 x 5 x 18) / (14 x 2 + 16 x 3 + 18 x 5) = 2780 / 166 = 16.747 kg / mol. (c) Polydispersity = [ answer in (b) ] / [ answer in (a) ] = (16.747 kg / mol) / (16.6 kg / mol) = 1.0089. (d) Volumetric average molecular weight = (Ma Na Ma Ma + Mb Nb Mb Mb + Mc Nc Mc Mc) / (Ma Na Ma + Mb Nb Mb + Mc Nc Mc) = (14 x 2 x 14 x 14 + 16 x 3 x 16 x 16 + 18 x 5 x 18 x 18) / (14 x 2 x 14 + 16 x 3 x 16 + 18 x 5 x 18) = 46936 / 2780 = 16.883 kg / mol. (e) Polydispersity estimation = [ answer in (d) ] / [ answer in (b) ] = (16.883 kg / mol) / (16.747 kg / mol) = 1.0081. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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After conducting an internet search for ways to reduce energy costs, I found a recipe for whitewashing that is said to reflect sunlight. The recipe calls for 20 pounds hydrated lime to 5 gallons water to 1-quart polyvinyl acetate. What is a good source of polyvinyl acetate that I can buy at a local store?
Question 55 - The differential equation is 3 dy / dt + 2y = 1 with y(0) = 1. (a) The Laplace transformation, L for given terms are : L (dy / dt) = sY(s) - y(0), L(y) = Y(s), L(1) = 1 / s. Use such transformation to find Y(s). (b) The initial value theorem states that : When t approaches 0 for a function of y(t), it is equal to a function of sY(s) when s approaches infinity. Use the initial value theorem as a check to the answer found in part (a).
X is a solid having a white colour at room temperature. It has a density about 2g/cc. Although it has melting point near 325 degree Celsius, its properties start degrading above 260 degree Celsius. The coefficient of friction is very low about 0.1. It has very good dielectric properties especially at higher radio frequencies. It has a very high bulk resistivity. It is chemically inert. It is also resistant to van der Waals force. It is hydrophobic as well as lipophobic. Creep or ‘Cold Flow’ has been observed in X.
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING - QUESTION 25.3 : Liquid octane has a density of 703 kilograms per cubic metre and molar mass of 114.23 grams per mole. Its specific heat capacity is 255.68 J / (mol K). (a) Find the energy in J needed to increase the temperature of 1 cubic metre of octane for 1 Kelvin. (b) At 20 degree Celsius, the solubility of liquid octane in water is 0.007 mg / L as stated in a handbook. For a mixture of 1 L of liquid octane and 1 L of water, prove by calculations that liquid octane is almost insoluble in water.
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