Answer / jagadiesh

STP IS abbrevation spanning tree protocol
protocol 802.1d
is used to loop removal network topology in layer 2
in order to avoid looping issues, so in stp convergence
time process took 20 + 30 seconds
what basis 20 sec for max age timer and 30 sec forward
delay timer ( learning + listening) and 4 state
1. blocking 2.listening 3. learning and 4 . forwarding
so new modern technology its been waiting time is not
acceptable
so we move to enhancement time delay that mean to speed up
convergence newer RSTP RAPID SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL
protocol 802.1w functionality upgrade from 802.1d
with in 15 sec convergence period

Only 3 state 1. blocking 2. learning and 3. forwarding

Primary difference i mentioned but Principle are more space
consistency i can't

Answer / sarath s

1. STP - IEEE standard is 802.1D
RSTP - IEEE standard is 802.1W
2. The main differeve is the convergence time
STP takes 20+30=50 sec to converge
RSTP takes less than 5 sec to converge
3. Flag bit of STP use only 2 bits, one for topology change
and another for topology change Acknowledgement.In RSTP
it uses all the 8 bit.Introduction of these bits(mainly
proposal and agreement bit) reduce the convergence time.
4. In STP only root bridge will send the BPDU's where as in
RSTP all the switch will send the BPDU's
5. RSTP introduce two more ports one alternate port(backup
for root port) and backup port (backup for designated
port)

PPP has used for multi-protocol support ? a. protocol identifier b. specified bit values c. protocol indicator d. protocol frame length

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