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Why capacitor bank does not require in DG Set?
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Answer Posted / saeed
The field excitation current requirement for a loaded generator depends very much
on the power factor of the load current and in the usual case of lagging power factor
the field current increases as the power factor reduces. On the other hand, with
leading power factor loads the effect is the opposite and as the power factor reduces,the field current requirement for a given output will go down. If the leading power factor of the load circuit is reduced sufficiently, a condition may be reached in which the field current requirement becomes zero and this is known as self-excitation. At this critical point the AVR sensing the generator output voltage would lose control, and any further reduction of the leading power factor would cause overexcitation and the voltage would rise without any corrective action from the AVR. Such a condition is obviously most undesirable and could cause damage to the connected load.
Because self-excitation depends on armature reaction effects from the stator
winding, modern a.c. generators which have high synchronous reactance will reach
this point of voltage instability at a lower level of reactive load than older type
machines which tended to have lower synchronous reactance values. Circuits which have any risk of self-excitation should be carefully examined before arranging to feed them from a generating set supply and in doubtful cases it may be necessary to adjust the values of the power factor correction capacitors.
To prevent voltage instability and voltage transients it is recommended that
power factor correction capacapacitor banks should be disabled when only the standby generation is running.
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