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Answer Posted / sajen soman
leading and lagging currents are not so much "currents" as
they are "situations" or "conditions" in an electrical
circuit. Reactive characteristics, if there are any, will
not let voltage and current be in phase in a circuit.
(Unless they are equal, and this will be true at only one
frequency.) In some circuits, current leads voltage (or
voltage lags current), and in other circuits, current lags
voltage (voltage leads current), depending on the circuit
and also on the frequency of the applied signal.
In a capacitor, current leads voltage, and in an inductor,
current lags voltage. This carries over to circuits that
exhibit primarily capacitive or inductive characteristics.
Additionally, reactance varies with frequency. As a given
circuit with inductance and capacitance is evaluated, at
some frequencies, it will appear capacitive, and current
will lead voltage. At other frequencies, the circuit will
appear inductive, and current will lag voltage. Only at a
frequency where the reactances are equal will the current
and voltage be in phase
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