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Electrical engineering
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Electrical Engineers design complex power systems...
... and electronic circuits.Electrical engineering is a
field of engineering that generally deals with the study
and application of electricity, electronics and
electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable
occupation in the late nineteenth century after
commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical
power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including
power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and
telecommunications.

Electrical engineering may or may not include electronic
engineering. Where a distinction is made, usually outside
of the United States, electrical engineering is considered
to deal with the problems associated with large-scale
electrical systems such as power transmission and motor
control, whereas electronic engineering deals with the
study of small-scale electronic systems including computers
and integrated circuits.[1] Alternatively, electrical
engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to
transmit energy, while electronic engineers are concerned
with using electricity to transmit information. More
recently, the distinction has become blurred by the growth
of power electronics.


And

Electronics
Main article: Electronic engineering

Circuit boardElectronic engineering involves the design and
testing of electronic circuits that use the properties of
components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes
and transistors to achieve a particular functionality. The
tuned circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter
out all but a single station, is just one example of such a
circuit. Another example (of a pneumatic signal
conditioner) is shown in the adjacent photograph.

Prior to the second world war, the subject was commonly
known as radio engineering and basically was restricted to
aspects of communications and radar, commercial radio and
early television. Later, in post war years, as consumer
devices began to be developed, the field grew to include
modern television, audio systems, computers and
microprocessors. In the mid to late 1950s, the term radio
engineering gradually gave way to the name electronic
engineering.

Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959,
electronic circuits were constructed from discrete
components that could be manipulated by humans. These
discrete circuits consumed much space and power and were
limited in speed, although they are still common in some
applications. By contrast, integrated circuits packed a
large number—often millions—of tiny electrical components,
mainly transistors, into a small chip around the size of a
coin. This allowed for the powerful computers and other
electronic devices we see today.

Microelectronics
Main article: Microelectronics

MicroprocessorMicroelectronics engineering deals with the
design and microfabrication of very small electronic
circuit components for use in an integrated circuit or
sometimes for use on their own as a general electronic
component. The most common microelectronic components are
semiconductor transistors, although all main electronic
components (resistors, capacitors, inductors) can be
created at a microscopic level. Nanoelectronics is the
further scaling of devices down to nanometer levels.

Microelectronic components are created by chemically
fabricating wafers of semiconductors such as silicon (at
higher frequencies, compound semiconductors like gallium
arsenide and indium phosphide) to obtain the desired
transport of electronic charge and control of current. The
field of microelectronics involves a significant amount of
chemistry and material science and requires the electronic
engineer working in the field to have a very good working
knowledge of the effects of quantum mechanics.

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