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Answer Posted / subir nayak
The performance of a spark-ignited gasoline-fueled engine
(i.e., an Otto cycle engine) is improved when the gasoline
burns and advances quietly with a smooth flame front as it
drives the engine's cylinders' pistons rather than knocking
or pinging, which indicates that the fuel is detonating
instead of burning smoothly. The octane number is a measure
of the anti-knock quality of gasoline ... in other words,
the ability of the gasoline to resist knocking when it is
burned in a spark-ignited Otto cycle engine. Pure
iso-octane, which has an excellent anti-knock quality, has
been designated as having an octane number of 100. Samples
of gasoline are tested by running them in a single-cylinder
engine mounted in a laboratory. For example, if a gasoline's
anti-knock performance during the test is 85 percent as good
as the performance of pure iso-octane in the same test, then
that gasoline is said to have an octane number of 85. As
another example, if a gasoline's anti-knock performance
during the test is 10 percent better than that of pure
iso-octane, then that gasoline is said to have and octane
number of 110. There are two different sets of engine
operating conditions used during the tests to measure the
octane number of a gasoline. One set of conditions is used
to determine the so-called Research octane number (RON), and
another set of conditions is used to determine the so-called
Motor octane number (MON). The average of the RON and MON is
abbreviated to (R + M)/2 and that is the octane rating which
is usually posted at service stations in the US.
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