Answer Posted / pollitirumaleswarareddy

A derivative can be defined as a financial instrument whose
value depends on (or derives from) the values of other, more
basic, underlying variables. Very often the variables
underlying derivatives are the prices of traded assets.

For example, a stock option is a derivative whose value is
dependent on the price of a stock. And another one is, wheat
farmers may wish to sell their harvest at a future date to
eliminate the risk of a change in prices by that date. Such
a transaction is an example of a derivative.


Derivatives Include:

1. A security derived from a debt instrument, share, loan
whether secured or unsecured, risk instrument or contract
for differences or any other form of security.
2. A contract which derives its value from the prices, or
index of prices, underlying securities.

A derivative is an instrument whose value is derived from
the value of one or more underlying assets, which can be
commodities, precious metals., currency, bonds, stocks,
stocks indices, etc. the emergence of the market for
derivative products, most notably forwards, futures and
options, can be traced back to the willingness of
risk-averse economic agents to guard themselves against
uncertainties arising out of fluctuations in asset prices.
By their very nature, the financial markets are marked by a
very high degree of volatility. Through the use of
derivative products, it is possible to partially or fully
transfer price risks by locking in asset prices. As
instruments of risk management, these generally do not
influence the fluctuations in the underlying asset prices


Types Of Derivatives

The most commonly used derivatives contracts are forwards,
futures and options which we shall discuss in detail later.
Here we take brief look at various derivatives contracts
that have come to be used.

Forwards: A relatively simple derivative is a forward
contract. It is a agreement to buy or sell an asset at a
certain price. It can be contrasted with a spot contract,
which is an agreement to buy or sell an asset today.

A forward contract is traded in the over-the-counter market
usually between two financial institutions or between a
financial institution and one of its clients.

Futures: A futures contract is an agreement between two
parties to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the
future at a certain price. Futures contracts are special
types of forward contracts in the sense that the former are
standardized exchange traded contracts.

Option: Options are traded in both on exchanges and in the
over-the-counter market. There are two basic types of
option. They are “call option and put option”.

A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right
to buy the underlying asset by a certain date for a certain
price but not the obligation to buy a given quantity of the
underlying asset, at a given price on or before a given
future date.

A put option gives the holder the right to sell
the underlying asset by a certain date for a certain price
but not the obligation to sell a given underlying asset at a
given price on or before a given date.

Warrants: Options generally have lives of up to one year,
the majority of options traded exchanges having a maximum
maturity of nine months. Longer dated options are called
warrants and are generally traded over the counter.

Leaps: The acronym LEAPS means Long Term Equity Anticipation
Securities. These are options having a maturity of up to
three years.

Baskets: Basket options are options on portfolios of
underlying assets. The underlying asset is usually moving
average of a basket of assets. Equity index options are a
form of basket options.

Swaps: Swaps are private agreement between two parties to
exchange cash flows in the future according to a pre
arranged formula. They can be regarded as portfolios of
forward contracts. The two commonly used swaps are:

For what purpose ERS is used for?

2229

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plz send all previous question papers for SBI clerical post.My email id is mechabhilash6@gmail.com

1983

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when assessing the credit proposal of a prospective borrower if he gets internal rating below the hurdle rate what will you suggest as a banker

2077

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While posting of FB50 entry therE showing errro msg " NOT ASSIGN COMPANY CODE OR CALCULATION PROCEDURE"

1945

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In what cases can Convertible bonds be considerred as derivatives?

2228

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What do you mean by Green-shoe option?

2064

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as per partership firm TDS receivable at the end of goes to partners current account, but at the multinational company how pass TDS entry pass, where is it is goes

4003

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npa is either person or account

1949

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Whatis new GL & Odd G.L What is the difference between these two.

2112

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Short answer on____________Assessment Year

1786

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Dear sir, I have complete B.com in march 2007, for past 4year i am doing some marketing jobs in insurance sector, now i need to change my job in accounting sector, i have heard that by doing SAP Fico there will be better opurtunity in corporate companies.

1894

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please give the sbi bank clerk exam paper model in last five years?

2202

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What is combination?

2101

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Why we have to present first and second draft(Bill of Exchange) for bank negotiation.Why cant we present only One draft?

3946

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I have a existing Oracle applicttions and need to bring one of the new business on it. The new business will use GL, AP and FA. We will use existing COA. This business will have 3 sets of books (1- tax book, from April to March; 2- Primary book, from July to June; 3- Reporting book, from July to June); All books will have same currency; HOW DO I TRANSFER DATA FROM PRIMARY BOOK INTO TAX AND REPORTING BOOKS EVERY MONTH OR ON WEEKLY? IS THERE ANY STANDARD ORACLE PROCESS WHICH CAN BE SCHEDULED? THE REPORTING BOOK WILL HAVE DIFFERENT DEPRECIATION METHOD SO HOW DO I NOT TRANSFER DEPRECIATION FROM PRIMARY TO REPORTING BOOK AND DO SEPERATE DEPRECIATION IN REPORTING BOOK FOR THE SAME ASSET THAT IS ALSO IN PRIMARY AND TAX BOOK?. HOW DO I APPROACH ON SETTING THESE NEW SETS OF BOOKS? Thanks, KK

2086

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