Answer Posted / amit

A race condition is an undesirable situation that occurs
when a device or system attempts to perform two or more
operations at the same time, but because of the nature of
the device or system, the operations must be done in the
proper sequence in order to be done correctly.
In computer memory or storage, a race condition may occur
if commands to read and write a large amount of data are
received at almost the same instant, and the machine
attempts to overwrite some or all of the old data while
that old data is still being read. The result may be one or
more of the following: a computer crash, an "illegal
operation," notification and shutdown of the program,
errors reading the old data, or errors writing the new
data. This can be prevented by serialization of memory or
storage access, such that if read and write commands are
received close together, the read command is executed and
completed first, by default.

In a network, a race condition may occur if two users
attempt to access an available channel at the same instant,
and neither computer receives notification that the channel
is occupied before the system grants access. Statistically,
this sort of coincidence is most likely to occur in
networks having long lag times, such as those that use
geostationary satellites. To prevent such a race condition
from developing, a priority scheme must be devised. For
example, the subscriber whose username begins with the
earlier letter of the alphabet (or the lower numeral) may
get priority by default when two subscribers attempt to
access the system within a prescribed increment of time.
Hackers can take advantage of race-condition
vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to networks.

Race conditions occasionally occur in logic gates when
certain inputs come into conflict. Because the gate output
state takes a finite, nonzero amount of time to react to
any change in input states, sensitive circuits or devices
following the gate may be fooled by the state of the
output, and thereby caused to not operate properly.

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