Question { 4681 }

What routing problems have you troubleshot?

Answer

It all depends on experience and issues you have faced.

Question { 4915 }

What is a route flap?

Answer

Route flapping is term when a router Advertise network via
one path and then other. This is basically happens due to
interface/link flapping.
Router can reach high CPU utilization in recalculation
(incase of Link state) or triggered updates (incase of
Distance vector) protocols.

Thanks,

Question { 6569 }

Describe a routing filter and what it does?

Answer

As the name implies this is used to filter routes. In large
networks (especially ISP) this is very much useful to
filter routers learned from another ISP's and filter to
smaller ISP/end users.
It can be applied to incomming routes or Outgoing routes.
There are various ways we can filter - like route maps,
prefix-list, distribute-list etc.,

Thanks

Question { IBM, 4782 }

any one explain about frame and MAC address,packet and IP
address,and segment and port address

Answer

User data while passing thru OSI layers are referred with
different terms.
Data-Link Layer : These are called Frames understands MAC
Networks Layer : These are called packets understands IP
Session Layer : These are called segments are separated
using Ports (do not confuse this with Interface/ports)

Thanks,