What is exception handling?

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What is exception handling?..

Answer / guest

When an exception occurs, the system searches for the
nearest catch clause that can handle the exception, as
determined by the run-time type of the exception. First,
the current method is searched for a lexically enclosing
try statement, and the associated catch clauses of the try
statement are considered in order. If that fails, the
method that called the current method is searched for a
lexically enclosing try statement that encloses the point
of the call to the current method. This search continues
until a catch clause is found that can handle the current
exception, by naming an exception class that is of the same
class, or a base class, of the run-time type of the
exception being thrown. A catch clause that doesn?t name an
exception class can handle any exception. Once a matching
catch clause is found, the system prepares to transfer
control to the first statement of the catch clause. Before
execution of the catch clause begins, the system first
executes, in order, any finally clauses that were
associated withtry statements more nested that than the one
that caught the exception. Exceptions that occur during
destructor execution are worthspecial mention. If an
exception occurs during destructor execution, and that
exception is not caught, then the execution of that
destructor is terminated and the destructor of the base
class (if any) is called. If there is no base class (as in
the case of the object type) or if there is no base class
destructor, then the exception is discarded.