Answer / chandra shekhar

Cursor Types
- Implicit Cursor
- Explicit Cursor (Without parameters, With Parameters)


############################################
##### Implicit Cursor #####################
############################################

-- assuming there is a table emp in the schema
DECLARE
VENAME EMP.ENAME%TYPE ;
BEGIN
SELECT ENAME INTO VENAME FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO = &EMPLOYEENUMBER ;
IF SQL%FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPLOYEE NAME IS ' || VENAME);
END IF ;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NO EMPLOYEE WITH GIVE EMPLOYEE NUMBER ') ;
END ;
/

############################################
##### Explicit Cursor #####################
############################################

-- First method
===============

DECLARE
CURSOR C1 IS SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP ;
BEGIN
FOR I IN C1
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(I.EMPNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' -- ' || I.ENAME);
END LOOP ;
END ;
/

-- Second method
================

DECLARE
CURSOR C1 IS SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP ;
E C1%ROWTYPE ;
BEGIN
OPEN C1 ;
LOOP
FETCH C1 INTO E ;
EXIT WHEN C1%NOTFOUND ;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(E.EMPNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' -- ' || E.ENAME);
END LOOP ;
CLOSE C1 ;
END ;
/

-- With Parameters
==================

DECLARE
CURSOR C1(n number) IS SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP where sal < n;
E C1%ROWTYPE ;
BEGIN
OPEN C1(&salary) ;
loop
FETCH C1 INTO E ;
exit when c1%notfound ;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(E.EMPNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' -- ' || E.ENAME);
end loop ;
CLOSE C1 ;
END ;
/

SELECT emp_num, years, SUM(salary) FROM sales UNION ALL SELECT emp_id, SUM(takehomepay) FROM marketing What error is present in the sample code above? 1. Queries being combined with the UNION ALL statement are not allowed to have SELECT lists with a different number of expressions. 2. You are not allowed to use aggregate functions within two queries joined by a UNION ALL statement. 3. The UNION ALL statement incorrectly combines the "years" result from the first query with the "SUM (takehomepay)" result from the second query. 4. Unless the UNION ALL statement is replaced with a UNION statement, the queries will return duplicates. 5. The "emp_id" column from the second query must be renamed (or aliased) as "emp_num" so that it corresponds to the column name from the first query. Otherwise, the queries will not execute.

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