Answer Posted / kiriti m. bhattacharya

Shafts require high fatigue resistance because the slightest misalignment can cause a micro"wobble" - enough to start a fatigue crack on the surface or any other high tensile area, or a notches (stress concentration point). The idea is to find a machinable steel round bar which can then be heat treated: heat, quench (in oil) and tempered. What mechanical properties you end up with depends on the alloy additions (different EN numbers) and the post fabrication heat treatment.
So, to answer your question: First decide what mechanical properties your design requires; secondly, check which EN steel will meet your requirements. The En24 and En 26 are the "work-horses" for shafts and higher temperature bolting. In AISI terms: AISI 4140 and AISI 4340. It can be misleading just to speak about "shafts" without knowing the required service conditions. Hope this helps.

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