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What meant by lagging and leading? When if they are
occurred what preventive methods should be taken?

Answer Posted / aravinda

consider voltage and current as phasors, angle between voltage and current is positive then leading (in case of capacitive loads) viceversa for lagging (in case of inductive load)

prevent lagging by parallal connecting capacitor banks or over excited synchronous motor

no need to prevent leading pf,

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