What is 'inode'?

Answer Posted / chandra shekhar

When a file system is created, data structures that contain
information about files are created. Each file has an inode
and is identified by an inode number (often "i-number" or
even shorter, "ino") in the file system where it resides.
Inodes store information on files such as user and group
ownership, access mode (read, write, execute permissions)
and type of file. There is a fixed number of inodes, which
indicates the maximum number of files each filesystem can hold.

A file's inode number can be found using the ls -i command,
while the ls -l command will retrieve inode information.
This is description of inode information which it contain:

* The length of the file in bytes.
* Device ID (this identifies the device containing the
file).
* The User ID of the file's owner.
* The Group ID of the file.
* The file mode, which determines what users can read,
write, and execute the file.
* Timestamps telling when the inode itself was last
modified (ctime, change time), the file content last
modified (mtime, modification time), and last accessed
(atime, access time).
* A reference count telling how many hard links point to
the inode.
* Pointers to the disk blocks that store the file's content

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