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Answer Posted / chauhan rakesh botad
During the 60s, while computers were still in an early stage
of development, many new programming languages appeared.
Among them, ALGOL 60, was developed as an alternative to
FORTRAN but taking from it some concepts of structured
programming which would later inspire most procedural
languages, such as CPL and its succesors (like C++). ALGOL
68 also influenced directly in the development of data types
in C. Nevertheless ALGOL was an unspecific language and its
abstraction made it little practical to solve most
commercial tasks.
In 1963 the CPL (Combined Programming language) appeared
with the idea of being more specific for concrete
programming tasks of that time than ALGOL or FORTRAN.
Nevertheless this same specificity made it a big language
and, therefore, difficult to learn and implement.
In 1967, Martin Richards developed the BCPL (Basic Combined
Programming Language), that signified a simplification of
CPL but kept the most important features the language
offered. Although it continued being an abstract and
somewhat large language.
In 1970, Ken Thompson, immersed in the development of UNIX
at Bell Labs, created the B language. It was a port of BCPL
for a specific machine and system (DEC PDP-7 and UNIX), and
was adapted to his particular taste and necessities. The
final result was an even greater simplification of CPL,
although dependent on the system. It had great limitations
like it did not compile to executable code but
threaded-code, which generates slower code in execution, and
therefore was inadequate for the development of an operating
system. Reason why from 1971, Denis Ritchie, from the Bell
Labs team, began the development of a B compiler which,
among other things, was able to generate executable code
directly. This "New B", finally called C, introduced in
addition, some other new concepts to the language like data
types (char).
In 1973, Denis Ritchie, had developed the bases of C. The
inclusion of types, its handling, as well as the improvement
of arrays and pointers, along with later demonstrated
capacity of portability without becoming a high-level
language, contributed to the expansion of the C language. It
was established with the book "The C Programming Language"
by Brian Kernighan and Denis Ritchie, known as the White
Book, and that served as de facto standard until the
publication of formal ANSI standard (ANSI X3J11 committee)
in 1989.
In 1980, Bjarne Stroustrup, from Bell labs, began the
development of the C++ language, that would receive formally
this name at the end of 1983, when its first manual was
going to be published. In October 1985, the first commercial
release of the language appeared as well as the first
edition of the book "The C++ Programming Language" by Bjarne
Stroustrup.
During the 80s the C++ language was being refined until it
became a language with its own personality. All that with
very few losses of compatibility with the code with C, and
wothout resigning to its most important characteristics. In
fact, the ANSI standard for the C language published in 1989
took good part of the contributions of C++ to structured
programming.
From 1990 on, ANSI committee X3J16 began the development of
a specific standard for C++. In the period elapsed until the
publication of the standard in 1998, C++ lived a great
expansion in its use and today is the preferred language to
develop professional applications on all platforms.
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