what is the differnce b/w aerodynamic balancing & mass
balancing
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Answer Posted / prabhu nivash
Aeronautical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers
Why refrigeration is done inside aircraft, and why aircraft
body is made of aluminums?
This is the combined effect low pressure & speed of plane in
sky. Body of aircraft is made up of aluminums due to its
good tensile strength & good conductor.
What is ram jet?
It is a jet engine with no moving parts, only fuel spayed
and burned.
Does not simplification of complex honeycomb designed for
thermal protection system of are usable launch vehicles
jeopardize the accuracy of results?
It jeopardize the accuracy but it also has some advantages
but cannot be used due to its inaccuracy.
Are thermal protection systems of space crafts commonly
composed of one panel or a collection of smaller tiles?
Thermal protection system of space crafts will be of tiles
which are made up of ceramics and ceramic composites to with
stand thermal shocks and to avoid cracks it is used as tiles.
What is a liquid metal?
Mercury
What is the highest temperature the space shuttle
undersurface experiences during its mission?
Under surface of the space shuttle will experience above
2300'c at the time of re-entering.
Explain how you overcame a major obstacle?
To overcome obstacle, one should have strong determination
and self confidence on himself / herself. They have to face
life as it comes.
What is SPICE? Where was it developed?
The full form of SPICE is Simulation program with integrated
circuit emphasis. This is the widely used analog simulator
which was developed at electronics research lab of
California University.
What are the three tactical elements of electronic warfare?
Electronic warfare has three main elements:
ES - Electronic support - This has high passive acquisition
intelligence about friend and foe
EA - Electronic attack - Which has passive and active denial
of RF spectrum
EP - Electronic protection protects friendly personnel and
assets by active and passive techniques.
What are the main areas in Aviation?
Artificial intelligence
Aircrafts and parts
Advanced materials, composites and specialty metals
Computers, electronic components and systems
Fighters and attack aircraft
Government defense policies and goals
Lasers
Navigation controls and guidance systems
Ordinance and Military vehicles
Computers, electronic components and systems
Aviation electronic/Avionics
Robotics
Satellites
Search and detection equipments
Strategic defensive initiative
Sensors and instrumentation
Ships
Space vehicles and commercialization of space
What is the requirement to become a Professional Engineer
(PE) in the field of Aerospace?
Professional Engineer license is required for people who
aspire to go in as officially approved engineer. The design
specification is done by self employed people or working in
small business. General aerospace engineers work for
government or for big companies and hence few people are not
very keen on becoming PE’s. To become a PE one has to pass
an exam on fundamentals of engineering which takes a\lot of
hours to gruel and work under a licensed PE for about four
years. Also they have to grow through a principle and
practice of engineering exam which requires about 8 hours.
What made you choose aerospace engineer line as your career?
In aerospace engineering there are lots of interesting
topics which include rocketry, aero planes, Lego’s. As a
school student I started sketching for future aircraft and
space craft, military aircraft. I analyzed the importance of
space travel, aviation history, and aerospace industry and
hence decided to get into this field.
Explain the day to day responsibilities of Aerospace
engineering?
Each job profile even in aerospace industry differs from
others. To mainly speak about aerospace there are two
branches or field. One is aeronautical and other is
astronautically engineering.
Explain the differences between Aeronautical Engineering and
astronautically engineering
Aeronautical engineering deals with vehicles which operates
in the atmosphere
Aeronautical engineering deals with vehicles operating in space.
Aeronautical engineering works on tunnel tests, analyzing
flight test data, manned space flights, planning future
space missions, spacecraft operations, designing and testing
robotic systems, developing new propulsion system, computing
optimum flight trajectories, developing communication
systems for distance space probes and designing new rockets.
Astronautical engineer includes designing power systems for
spacecraft structure, developing communications systems for
distant space probes, developing hardware skills for
operations in spacecraft, designing and testing robotic
systems, developing new propulsion systems and computing
optimum flight.
Does the knowledge of mathematics of Science is required to
get into aerospace engineering?
The basic understanding of Math is important as it is not
used at all the time during the course of aerospace
engineering. One should have a basic understanding of
mathematical definitions and knowledge on computers is very
important as the computer programs will help in doing simple
calculations and verify the results are reasonable.
But on the science front it is very important to have a very
good understanding on various subjects like dynamics and
mechanics in physics, strong emphasis on chemistry,
electromagnetism. For a good engineer one should know how
law of forces makes things happen. Also if you are good at
physical sciences when opposed to life sciences like biology
you will be a fit candidate for aerospace engineering.
What do you understand by Aerodynamics/performance analysis?
Aerodynamics / performance analysis in military programs
include responsibility like analyzing aerodynamics impacts
which effects from external modifications, developing
mission profiles based on requirements from the customer,
performance data of the mission which includes take off and
landing details, en route and mission data performance.
Analyze the configurations using the dynamics which are
fluid and computational. Additional task may include support
for wind tunnel planning for test flight. Documentation,
test support, data analysis should be done on regular basis.
Co ordination of aerodynamics with multi discipline teams
and data should be provided for support flight management
system or mission planning software.
What will be the responsibility of the spacecraft
operations, dynamics and controls?
People working on these areas as a aerospace engineers
should have familiarity and exposure to NASTRAN and MATLAB
with knowledge on space environment and modeling of flexible
dynamics. These aerospace engineers will be responsible to
work in the areas of structural control, momentum control,
line of sight (LOS), spacecraft mission design, control of
space boards payloads, operational engineering.
Explain about stress analysis?
People working on these areas as a aerospace engineers
should have familiarity and exposure to NASTRAN and MATLAB
with knowledge on space environment and modeling of flexible
dynamics. These aerospace engineers will be responsible to
conduct stress analysis on metallic and composite
structures. NASTRAN, IDEAD, Oracle and PATRAN proficiency
level is required. Their duties also include on aircraft
which are metallic and composite structures. This includes
and understanding of control surface stiffness and loop
calculations, finite element modeling (FEM), fatigue testing
requirement and analysis.
What is the testing done in aerospace engineering?
The testing of small rocket engines and entails development
by researching on aerospace. They are responsible to perform
and experiment on laboratory facility which is dedicated to
aerospace. One should be capable of solving problems by
applying knowledge by solving problem of the research done.
They will be working with technical team of researchers and
they should have ability handle projects alone.
How would you handle if your co-worker is not co-operating
with you?
Talk to your co-worker directly and explain him that you are
having a problem working with him and make him understand
the situation, if he is not willing to listen or not
co-operating, then direct the issue to chief pilot.
What would you do if your Captain is not following the
instructions properly?
Refer to your plane manual and discuss the same with your
client and ensure you make him understand the procedures and
rules. If he does not respond, you will call your concerned
aircraft officer at the airport and escalate and make sure
your voice frequency is recorded.
When can one deviate from any flight rules and regulations?
Chief Pilot in command can deviate from rules and
regulations during emergency period; he can do it to get the
plane back to the normalcy or to meet the expected
requirement of the emergency.
What if you loose the medical round of interview for your
pilot position?
One should always have a career back up plan, incase if your
medical examination results are not positive, you could get
into training department for pilots or you could pursue your
interests from your previous experience or education.
Are you prepared for unexpected turbulence?
Yes, given the proper training…am confident that I will be
able to handle the turbulence and will drive the plane in
the correct altitude.
When a pilot is assigned a speed, how much can one deviate
from that speed?
Complying and following the actual speed adjustment
policies, a pilot can run and indicate plus or minus 10
knots or 0.02 mach number of specified speed. Its always
better to keep the land air officer in the loop before
adjusting the air speed. Exceptions are always there to meet
the emergency requirement.
Without Air Traffic Control, what is the minimum descent
rate you can descend the plane?
A Pilot can descend up to 500” bare minimum, without
informing the ATC (Air Traffic Controller) and this is only
during an exceptional cases. However, it’s always better to
be in regular touch with the Air Traffic Controller and to
keep him informed about the descent rate. This will not have
any traffic problems during landing in the runway.
You are about to take off the plane in few seconds and a
catastrophic engine fails, and your captain tells you not to
take off and just stay in the centre line. What would you do?
Once the take off procedure is started off and only few
seconds is left, it is no longer safe to stop the plane from
take off. Instead it is better to continue with the take off
and its best handled in the air. All certified aircraft
under 25 can run without an engine and there is no problem
related to it for take off or to for plane landing. It is
actually far better idea to handle the problem in the air
than to face the situation on the run way, when plane engine
is in high speed.
Can you miss the clearance limit and loose the commands from
the Air Craft Officer?
Yes, there is a policy and procedure to be followed for the
missing clearance limit, so a Pilot can leave and reach a
different altitude for sometime within the limit and should
come back to the proper clearance limit once things are in
control. This time limit is only as per the procedure in the
manual.
How would you handle the extreme pressure during emergency
situation if you know that plane is not safe and it might
crash anytime?
Few professions demand you to be selfless, and our
respective clients would be the most important thing, that
is why customer service differs completely in such fields
compared to other streams. For example, Doctors, Lawyers,
Pilots…these are the professions where employee saving your
customer is the up most important thing. So, as a Pilot I
fully understand my duties and responsibilities and will
ensure that whatever panic situation I could be in, I will
continue to deliver my duties till the end and ensure
passengers are safe all times. Simultaneously I will own the
full responsibility of landing the Air Craft safe and in the
steady position.
How important is to get the passengers switch off the mobile
phones and laptops during land off? What could be the
consequences?
It is very important to check if laptop and mobile phones
are switched off or not, as the consequences can be
bad….because interference of air crafts communication
devices and electronic devices interfere with each other and
there could be chances of not proper landing. So, it’s
highly recommended that all electronic and communication
devices should be switched off during take off and landing.
How many types of emergency landings are there and explain?
There are three types of emergency landings like:
* Forced landing: This is a situation where Air Craft
engine fails and Pilot is forced to land the plane in the
nearest airport.
* Precautionary landing: This is used when Pilot faces a
problem due to severe weather conditions, or being lost in
the air space traffic or due to lack of fuel or expecting an
engine trouble.
* Ditching: This is when where Pilot cannot avoid this
situation but to just land on water, which is safer than air
bound.
How important are Aeronautical Engineers to today's society?
Aeronautical Engineers the aircraft people use for business
and holidaying would not be in the sky, it cannot be
contested that society depends heavily on travel via aircraft.
Aeronautical Engineer will provide the solution to increase
overall aircraft efficiency, thereby helping to drive down
the levels of emissions current aircraft produce.
Aeronautical Engineers also help put the satellites in to
space, the satellites we rely on for weather information,
geospatial mapping data, environmental monitoring,
telecommunications and research. So in answer to the
question I feel aerospace engineering plays a major role in
society, producing and developing a lot of the technology we
rely on heavily.
What interests and abilities would help me as an Aerospace
engineer?
Successful aerospace engineers need lots of curiosity,
problem solving skills, organizational skills, written and
oral communication skills, people skills (as in leading and
participating in teams) and computer skills. There are no
physical requirements; in fact, we have many engineers with
disabilities and it is not an issue for their job performance
What are the fringe benefits of aerospace engineering?
Good pay, good promotion potential, travel, respect from the
community at large, and you get to say that you are a rocket
scientist!
What are the disadvantages of being in aerospace industry?
The biggest disadvantage is that it is a relatively small
field, and the number of companies in the field is getting
smaller (lots of mergers between big companies in the news
lately). Also, this used to be a field where America
basically had 90% of the market, but now foreign companies
are catching up; this means that American companies are
streamlining their organizations in order to be competitive.
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