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Answer Posted / j.g.i.
two main types, however this does not include DNA Cloning..
Reproductive cloning is performed with the express intent
of creating another organism. This organism is the exact
duplicate of one that already exists or has existed in the
past. Cloning of plants, animals, and humans falls into the
class of reproductive cloning. The genetic material from a
donor egg is removed, so that you are left with an empty
egg. Then, a cell is taken from the organism to be cloned
and its nucleus is removed. This nucleus is then
transferred into the empty donor egg. Using chemicals or a
mild electric shock, the egg is forced to divide, creating
an embryo. This embryo is then transferred into the uterus
of the host organism.
Therapeutic cloning is performed, not to produce another
organism, but to harvest embryonic stem cells for use in
medical treatments. Therapeutic cloning is intended for
medical use. The embryonic stem cells that this type of
cloning produces can be used to create skin for burn
victims, organs for transplant patients, or cells for those
with spinal cord injuries. And because the cells come from
the patients themselves, there are no issues of cell
rejection. Therapeutic cloning may also help those
suffering from heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, or even
Parkinson's disease. The therapeutic cloning process is
very similar to that of reproductive cloning, however,
instead of implanting the dividing embryo into a host, its
stem cells are removed and the embryo dies. A cell is
removed from the patient requiring medical treatment. The
nucleus of this cell is removed and inserted into an empty
donor egg. Division is encouraged through the use of
special chemicals or an electric shock just as before. The
resulting embryonic stem cells are then removed from this
embryo and used to treat the patient.
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