what is domain controller ?

Answer Posted / babu

In older versions of Windows such as Windows NT server, one
domain controller per domain was configured as the Primary
Domain Controller (PDC); all other domain controllers were
Backup Domain Controllers (BDC).

A BDC could authenticate the users in a domain, but all
updates to the domain (new users, changed passwords, group
membership, etc) could only be made via the PDC, which would
then propagate these changes to all BDCs in the domain. If
the PDC was unavailable (or unable to communicate with the
user requesting the change), the update would fail. If the
PDC was permanently unavailable (e.g. if the machine
failed), an existing BDC could be promoted to PDC.

Because of the critical nature of the PDC, best practices
dictated that the PDC should be dedicated solely to domain
services, and not used for file/print/application services
that could slow down or crash the system. Some network
administrators took the additional step of having a
dedicated BDC online for the express purpose of being
available for promotion if the PDC failed.

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