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Answer Posted / ramkumar
A user can generate his or her own key pair, or, depending
on local policy, a security officer may generate key pairs
for all users. There are tradeoffs between the two
approaches. In the former, the user needs some way to trust
his or her copy of the key generation software, and in the
latter, the user must trust the security officer and the
private key must be transferred securely to the user.
Typically, each node on a network should be capable of
local key generation. Secret-key authentication systems,
such as Kerberos, often do not allow local key generation,
but instead use a central server to generate keys.
Once a key has been generated, the user must register his
or her public key with some central administration, called
a Certifying Authority (CA). The CA returns to the user a
certificate attesting to the validity of the user's public
key along with other information (see Questions 4.1.3.10-
4.1.3.12). If a security officer generates the key pair,
then the security officer can request the certificate for
the user. Most users should not obtain more than one
certificate for the same key, in order to simplify various
bookkeeping tasks associated with the key.
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A company wants to transmit data over the telephone, but it is concerned that its phones may be tapped. All of its data is transmitted as four-digit integers. It has asked you to write a program that will encrypt its data so that the data may be transmitted more securely. Your script should read a four digit integer entered by the user in a prompt dialog and encrypt it as follows: Replace each digit by (the sum of that digit plus 7) modulus 10. Then swap the first digit with the third, and swap the second digit with the fourth. Then output XHTML text that displays the encrypted integer.
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