Normally in linux we must have backup by default for /etc/passwd and /etc/

In my linux machine, i lost /etc/passwd file
and /etc/shadow file, then how can i recover it?

Question Posted / venkat

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Answer Posted / venkat

Normally in linux we must have backup by default for
/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files

/etc/passwd ---> /etc/passwd-
/etc/shadow ---> /etc/shadow-

from there we can copy or restore. If both are not available.
Then follow below steps:
1. reboot
2. Single user mode [ single init=/bin/bash ]
3. pwconv
4. check /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files are there
5. sync
6. init 3 or reboot with init 3

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