which is the best type to measure level of a Tank(water).
Displacer or Differential Pressure method?
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Answer Posted / sam
If you have the money buy a DP Transmitter, they are much
easier to work with and more accurate, Dis placers are old
technology get rid of it. If you are measuring clean water
you can use stainless steel tubing and a 5-way manifold.
Here are some more info to do the calibration.
We use these configurations during the calibration of a
Differential Pressure Transmitter (in short DP Cell) in a
level calibration of a closed pressurized vessel. This can
only be used when you are making use of a Diff Press
Transmitter that is piped to the high and low tap off points
on the vessel with stainless steel piping. You cannot use it
on any other type of level measurement device, even if it is
also a Diff Press Transmitter with capillary tubes and pad
cells installed on the H/L tap off points and not stainless
steel piping. When you use capillaries you need to do the
calibration completely differently from normal, so be
careful when using capillaries in level applications.
Ok back to wet and dry leg calibrations.
The dry leg is the most common and the easiest to do. This
is much the same as the basic open tank level calibration.
The transmitter is mounted anywhere below the HP (bottom)
tap off point and it's HP leg is connected via S/S tubing to
the HP (Bottom) tap off point on the vessel. The LP side of
the transmitter is connected to the LP (Top) tap off point
on the vessel. The HP side will always be in contact with
the liquid in the vessel and the LP side will always be in
contact with gas since it's is tapped of from the top of the
vessel. You obviously can only achieve this if you have a
5-way manifold (isolation, vent and equalization valve
piece)installed on the transmitter.
You will start your calibration by opening up the
transmitter to atmosphere and make sure that when equal
press is applied to HP and LP side the transmitter shows
zero and 4 mA. After this zero check it is a simple matter
of measuring where your Zero and 100% positions are on the
vessel in relation to the transmitter and multiply these
with the density of the liquid you are measuring and and
install these Z AND 100% values in the transmitter.
Ok this is very easy so far but what happens when the liquid
is hotter than the ambient temperature and it's vapor in the
top half of the vessel starts to condense and run into the
dry LP leg?
In a very short time this dry leg is going to start filling
up with condensate and there goes your calibration because
the calibrated diff press (your calculated Zero and 100%
values) begins to chance.
To resolve this problem we fill the LP leg with a buffer
solution like diesel,glycerin, glycol or even the same
liquid you have in your vessel can work as well, in non
critical applications. I prefer glycol since it's density is
higher than water so if the gas starts to condensate it will
just lie on top of the glycol buffer solution and run back
into the vessel from the LP leg and not mix with it. The
mixing of the wet leg liquid with the gas condensate could
also cause problems and inaccuracies, since this could
chance the buffer density over a period of time.
To calibrate the transmitter will depend on the type and era
of transmitter you are using. The following calibration is
for smart transmitters only.
The smart transmitters that we use today can measure in the
negative (-1Bar) and you can do your calibration as normal.
The final result will be something like this, LRV =
-1230mmH2o (4mA), URV = +125mmH2o (20mA). I know it looks a
bit strange when you see it for the first time but here is
how it works.
Before you can do this calibration you need to know the ATM
value for the installation. The atmospheric value (ATM) can
be read directly from the transmitter by disconnecting the
HP side(Bottom) and open it up to atmosphere, so the only
pressure on the transmitter is on the LP side and this will
obviously push the transmitter into the negative.
Maximum negative differential pressure for a instalation =
ATM pressure.
Make sure the LP line is filled to the position where it
will start to run back into the vessel, then read off the
displayed value on the transmitter. This is your ATM value.
In this example it might be something like -1350mmH2o. This
value is determined by, where you have installed the
transmitter and what you use for a buffer solution.
To calculate the actual zero and 100% positions on the
vessel you do the same as before and just measure from the
transmitter to you zero and 100% positions on the vessel,
multiply them with the density of the liquid you are
measuring and add them to the ATM value. You can then input
these values to this transmitter's LRV and URV and the
calibration is done.
So assuming you have installed the transmitter slightly
below the lower tap off point the above LRV and URV is about
right in relation to the ATM value in this example. Be sure
to understand the difference between the ATM value and the
LRV it will in most cases not be the same. The more
accurately you can determine your ATM value the more
accurate the calibration will be.
Now the calibration of the 4to20mA and the pneumatic DP
transmitters. These transmitters cannot measure in the
negative so you need to change the HP and LP sides around so
that the HP side goes to the top of the vessel and the LP
side goes to the bottom tap off point on the vessel.
You now need to do you calibration in the reverse as well.
Again find the ATM value first, in other words max positive
differential (HP wet leg filled and LP open to atmosphere)
on the transmitter will now be your ATM value. Will be say
+1350mmH2o.
Actual zero will now be 20mA and not 4mA and will be
determined by makind use of the ATM value minus the actual
zero measured value, multiplied by the liquid density.
The actual 100% value will be determined by making use of
the ATM value minus the actual 100% measured value,
multiplied by the density. You should end up with something
like this, zero = +1250mmH3o = 20mA and 100% = +150mmH20 = 4mA.
Finally the display on you remote level indicator needs to
be changed as well otherwise it will read in the reverse. If
you use a pneumatic DP Transmitter just substitute 4 and 20
mA with 20 to 100Kps or 3 to 15 Psi the principle stays the
same.
There you have it, wet and dry leg calibrations used ONLY in
PIPED DP Cell level calibrations.
Good luck
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