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Answer Posted / sanmilan
Like Newtons Law, 'For Every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction', For any Accounting Transaction you do
there are always 2 Effects. For E.g; When you buy something
you pay something, IF you don't pay right away, your
liability to pay the amount at future date arises. If you
sell something you get the compensation/price or a
commitment to get paid on a future Date. So Ledger Posting
is Posting of these 2 aspects, which we describe as 'Debit'
& 'Credit' to appropriate accounts.
In other words, segregating the aspects of Debit & Credit of
each Transactions to respective Ledger Heads based on the
Nature of Accounts(real,Nominal&Personal) according to the
Golden Rule of Accounts which are as below;
REAL ACCOUNTS DEBIT WHAT COMES IN
CREDIT WHAT GOES OUT
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS DEBIT ALL EXPENSES AND LOSSES
CREDIT ALL INCOMES AND REVENUES
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS DEBIT THE GIVER
CREDIT THE RECEIVER
Thanks
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over draft balance as per cash book (journal entries needed) a,cheques deposited in bank but no entry was passed in cashbook b, credit side of the bank, column cash short c, chques received but not sent to bank d, insurance premium paid by bank as per standing instructions e, credit side of bank, coloumn cash short f, bank charges entered in cash book twice g, cheques received returned by bank but no entry passed h, cheques issued returned on technical grounds i, bills directly collected by bank j, bank charges debited by bank k, cheques received entered twice l, bills discounted dishonoured
2. A budgeted profit statement of a company working at 75% capacity is provided to you 2 below, Sales 9,000 units at Rs. 32 Rs. 2,88,000 Less: Direct materials Rs. 54,000 Direct wages 72,000 Production overhead: fixed 42,000 variable 18,000 1,86,000 Gross profit 1,02,000 Less: Administration, selling and distribution costs: fixed 36,000 varying with sales volume 27,000 63,000 Net profit 39,000 You are required to: (a) Calculate the breakeven point in units and in value. (b) It has been estimated that: (i) if the selling price per unit were reduced to Rs. 28, the increased demand would utilise 90% of the company's capacity without any additional advertising expenditure, and (ii) to attract sufficient demand to utilise full capacity would require a 15% reduction in the current selling price and a Rs. 5,000 special advertising campaign. You are required to present a statement showing the effect of the two alternatives compared with the original budget and to advise management which of the three possible plans ought to be adopted, i.e., the original budget plan or (i) above or (ii) above. (c) An independent market research study shows that by spending Rs. 15,000 on a special advertising campaign, the company could operate at full capacity and maintain the selling price at Rs. 32 per unit. You are required to: (i) Advise management whether this proposal should be adopted.
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