Answer Posted / rock star
Mutual exclusion (often abbreviated to mutex) algorithms are
used in concurrent programming to avoid the simultaneous use
of a common resource, such as a global variable, by pieces
of computer code called critical sections.
Examples of such resources are fine-grained flags, counters
or queues, used to communicate between code that runs
concurrently, such as an application and its interrupt
handlers. The problem is acute because a thread can be
stopped or started at any time.
To illustrate: suppose a section of code is mutating a piece
of data over several program steps, when another thread,
perhaps triggered by some unpredictable event, starts
executing. If this second thread reads from the same piece
of data, the data, in the process of being overwritten, is
in an inconsistent and unpredictable state. If the second
thread tries overwriting that data, the ensuing state will
probably be unrecoverable. These critical sections of code
accessing shared data must therefore be protected, so that
other processes which read from or write to the chunk of
data are excluded from running.
A mutex is also a common name for a program object that
negotiates mutual exclusion among threads, also called a lock.
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