what is cogging and crawling

Answer Posted / p.puhalendhi

The cogging effect is the attraction between the magnets and
the stator poles when at rest; this attraction and cogging
is easily felt when trying to turn an electric motor by
hand. The rotor resists the turning, the magnets attempting
to stay bonded to the current poles, until just over halfway
through the air gap, where the attraction to the next pole
is stronger than that of the previous pole, resulting in a
"clunking" or jumping effect at low Speed (such as when
trying to turn by hand). This is the cogging effect,
resulting in a large torque required to begin rotation.

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