What are the Factors Affecting Transpiration ?
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Answer Posted / david ho
There are four factors that affect transpiration:
Light: The presence of light allows for photosynthesis to occur in the guard cells surrounding the stomates. This decreases the Carbon dioxide levels in the cells, raising the pH. The enzymes in the cell are extremely sensitive to the pH change and with the change new enzymes are now able to function. One such enzyme is one that converts the insoluble sugar starch into Malate. Malate is soluble, raising the solute concentration in the cell, causing osmosis to occur as water flows to an area of low water concentration. This causes the guard cells to become turgid, opening the stomates, allowing transpiration to occur.
Temperature: Temperature has a positive correlation with transpiration, and it has the largest effect. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy in the cell and the water increases. The water is able to move faster, increasing the rate of evaporation. Also, the warm air is able to absorb more water vapor, creating a steeper diffusion gradient.
Humidity: Humidity has a negative correlation with transpiration. This means that as the humidity increases, the rate of transpiration decreases. This is because as the humidity increases, the air around the stomates becomes saturated with water vapor, decreasing the concentration gradient between the air and the leaves. This means less water will evaporate into the air.
Wind: A mass flow of air removes the diffusion shell surrounding the stomates. The diffusion shell is the area around the stomate into which water has already evaporated into. This air has a higher humidity than the surrounding air and a flow of air will remove this humid air with dryer air, allowing a higher diffusion gradient.
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