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Sample of water which contains soluble salt of calcium,
magnesium or iron is known id as heard water. It is very
difficult to get latter with such a sample of water but soft
water lathers readily with soap
Hardness of water is of two types:
When hardness is due to presence of bicarbonates of calcuium
or magnesium it is termed as Temporary deadness. If
sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium was present
in water, then it is termed as permanent hardness
Temporay hardness can be removed by:
(1) Boiling
(2) By Ckark?s method
(3) By addition of washing soda
(4) For removal of permanent hardness following methods can
be employed.
(5) By calogen process
(6) By permutil process
(7) With ion- echange resins
Hard water cannot be used for washing purposes by using hard
water, large quantities of soap get washed in giving
precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions present in
their water. These precipitates may stick to fibres of
garment. For bathing purposes soft water is used, as it
lathers readily with soap
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