What is a NIC?

Answer Posted / v.vijayakumar

A Network Interface Card (NIC), also called a Network
Adapter, is used to connect a computer to the cabling used
in a local area network (LAN). Typically, the NIC attaches
to the computer?s expansion bus via an ISA slot (8-bit or
16-bit) or a PCI slot (32-bit). The NIC has one or more
external ports with which to attach the network cable. The
primary function of a NIC is to allow the computer to
communicate on the network.
It does this by transmitting/receiving and controlling
traffic with other computers or devices on the network.
When transmitting, the NIC converts data from parallel to
serial, encodes and compresses it, and then places it on
the wire in the form of an electrical or optical signal.
The process is reversed on the receiving end. The NIC
translates the electrical signal it receives off the wire
into bits that can be read by the computer.

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