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nashi informatics solutions


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Answers / { nashi informatics solutions }

Question { 983 }

What is a const pointer, and how does it differ from a pointer to a const?


Answer

1. Pointer to const: The value being pointed to cannot be modified, but the pointer itself can change.
Example:
2. const int a = 10;
3. const int *ptr = &a; // *ptr is read-only
4. const pointer: The pointer cannot change, but the value it points to can.

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Question { 1019 }

. Explain the differences between fork() and exec() in C


Answer

1. fork(): Creates a new process (child) identical to the parent process.
2. exec(): Replaces the current process image with a new program.

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Question { 1375 }

How does the C program handle segmentation faults?


Answer

Segmentation faults occur when invalid memory is accessed. Use debugging tools like gdb to analyze.

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Question { 1147 }

What is the difference between malloc() and realloc()?


Answer

• malloc(): Allocates memory.
• realloc(): Resizes an already allocated memory block, preserving existing data if possible.

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Question { 1352 }

Explain the concept of "dangling pointers" in C.


Answer

A dangling pointer points to memory that has been deallocated. Accessing it causes undefined behavior.

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Question { 1151 }

How do you prevent buffer overflows in C?


Answer

• Use bounds checking while working with arrays.
• Use safer functions like snprintf() instead of sprintf().

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Question { 1003 }

What is the restrict keyword in C?


Answer

restrict is used with pointers to indicate that the object pointed to is accessed only through that pointer, enabling optimizations.

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Question { 1006 }

Explain the difference between struct and union.


Answer

• Struct: All members occupy separate memory.
• Union: All members share the same memory.

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Question { 1045 }

What is the purpose of #pragma directives in C?


Answer

#pragma provides compiler-specific instructions.
Example:
#pragma pack(1) // Forces 1-byte alignment for structures
struct Example {
char a;
int b;
};

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Question { 1041 }

How does memset() work in C?


Answer

memset() initializes memory to a specific value.

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Question { 1086 }

What is the difference between exit() and _exit()?


Answer

• exit(): Cleans up resources (e.g., flushes buffers).
• _exit(): Terminates the program immediately without cleanup.

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Question { 1001 }

What are dynamically linked and statically linked libraries?


Answer

• Static linking: Combines library code into the final executable.
• Dynamic linking: Links libraries at runtime.
v

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Question { 1214 }

How does the assert() function work?


Answer

How does the assert() function work?

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Question { 1126 }

What is the purpose of the fflush() function in C?


Answer

fflush() clears the output/input buffer.

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Question { 1148 }

What is the difference between fork() and vfork()?


Answer

• fork(): Creates a child process with a separate memory space.
• vfork(): Shares the memory space with the parent until exec() or _exit() is called.

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