Explain the Refaction of light ?
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Answer / vivekanand upadhyay
Refraction:-When a pencil of light passes obliquely from one transparent medium into another, it undergoes some deflection from its straight path. This change in direction is called refraction
Law of Refraction:-
1. The incident ray the refracted ray and the normal to the surface separation at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
2. Irrespective of the obliquity of the incident ray, the ration of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant quality of any two given media. This is called Snell’s law of refraction
Total internal reflection:-Whenever a ray of light traveling from a denser into a rare medium is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle for the two media, the ray is totally reflected back into the same medium
Mirage:-In this optical illusion inverted images of distant objects are seen, as if reflects from a pool or as if suspended from atmosphere. In sandy districts objects are seen reflected from a pond while in colder regions they are seen suspended from atmosphere. In sandy deserts the payers of air near surface of earth get heated so soon that density adjustments do not take place. Hence densities and refractive indices of the layers just above sand are lower than the layers higher up. The rays of light form a distant object after passing through layers which are gradually less refracting, bend more and more still they fall on layer at an angle greater than the critical angle for it and get totally reflected. These rays then travel and undergo a series of refractions but in the opposite direction for now they pass through layers which are gradually more and more refraction, till they reach the eye of the observer, who sees an image of the object as though reflected from surface of the water.
Twinking of Stars:-A ray coming from a star at night has to pass through layers of air having different refractive indices. It is therefore bent different till the observer sees it in a particular position. The densities and hence the refractive indices of the payers go on changing due ti wind. Due t this the star appears to be at different place at the very next moment. The difference of place being very small, therefore the star appears to be moving in a small area and hence it twinkles
Planets do not appear to twinkle as due to their being nearer the amount of light received from them id greater and so the variation in their brightness is not appreciable
Lena:-It is a portion of a transparent refraction medium bounded by the surfaces one of which is spherical and the other is either spherical or plant
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