Answer / ritesh pal

A class that is used to traverse through the objects maintained by a container class. There are five categories of iterators:

 input iterators,
 output iterators,
 forward iterators,
 bidirectional iterators,
 random access.

An iterator is an entity that gives access to the contents of a container object without violating encapsulation constraints. Access to the contents is granted on a one-at-a-time basis in order. The order can be storage order (as in lists and queues) or some arbitrary order (as in array indices) or according to some ordering relation (as in an ordered binary tree). The iterator is a construct, which provides an interface that, when called, yields either the next element in the container, or some value denoting the fact that there are no more elements to examine. Iterators hide the details of access to and update of the elements of a container class.

The simplest and safest iterators are those that permit read-only access to the contents of a container class. The following code fragment shows how an iterator might appear in code:

cont_iter:=new cont_iterator();
x:=cont_iter.next();
while x/=none do
...
s(x);
...
x:=cont_iter.next();
end;
In this example, cont_iter is the name of the iterator. It is created on the first line by instantiation of cont_iterator class, an iterator class defined to iterate over some container class, cont. Succesive elements from the container are carried to x. The loop terminates when x is bound to some empty value. (Here, none)In the middle of the loop, there is s(x) an operation on x, the current element from the container. The next element of the container is obtained at the bottom of the loop.

What is the return value of the insertion operator?

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Write a program to read the data and evaluate the results of the election. Print all output to the screen. Your output should specify: The total number of votes, the number of valid votes and the number of spoilt votes. The winner(s) of the election. Hint: An appropriate search should be used to determine the winner(s). The votes obtained by each candidate sorted in terms of the number of votes obtained. Hint: An appropriate sort should be used to sort the candidate(s). The Source code should be saved as VotingSystem. Project Input: Candidates’ Names and Numbers 2501 Victor Taylor 2502 Denise Duncan 2503 Kamal Ramdhan 2504 Michael Ali 2505 Anisa Sawh 2506 Carol Khan 2507 Gary Owen Votes 3 1 2 5 4 3 5 3 5 3 2 8 1 6 7 7 3 5 6 9 3 4 7 1 2 4 5 5 1 4 0 Project Output: Invalid vote: 8 Invalid vote: 9 Number of voters: 30 Number of valid votes: 28 Number of spoilt votes: 2 The winner(s): 2503 Kamal Ramdhan 2505 Anisa Sawh Candidate Score 2503 Kamal Ramdhan 6 2505 Anisa Sawh 6 2501 Victor Taylor 4 2504 Michael Ali 4 2502 Denise Duncan 3 2507 Gary Owen 3 2506 Carol Khan 2 

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