why n when we use data abstraction???

1876

create SQL (both DML/DDL) statements appropriate for the creation of relational structures & constraints and other objects for a given case study, the population of these tables and the manipulation (querying/updating) of the stored data. 2. Create, develop and use the PL / SQL Program Units Procedures, Functions as a progression towards Object Oriented Relational Database Programming. 3. Package a collection of logically related Procedures and Functions together to further move towards development of Objects which reflect the principle of Data Abstraction whereby only an Object specified in the Interface is accessible to the end user. 4. Select, create, and use appropriate Database Triggers to impose agreed specific constraints on a Database Table. 5. Provide a full and detailed evaluation which includes a comprehensive test execution plan and its implementation for each of the above. Consider the following case study: Perilous Printing is a medium size printing company that does work for book publishers throughout UK. The company currently has 10 offices, most of which operate autonomously, apart from salaries, which are paid by the head office. Currently the sharing and communication of data, is carried out using multi- user networked access to a centralised RDBMS. Perilous Printing jobs consist of printing books or part of books. A printing job requires the use of materials, such as paper and ink, which are assigned to a job via purchase orders. Each printing job may have several purchase orders assigned to it. Likewise, each purchase order may contain several purchase order items. The following tables form part of the transactional RDB that the company uses: office (office_no, o_addr, o_telno, o_faxno, mgr_nin) staff (staff_no, nin, fname, lname, s_addr, s_telno, gender, dob, position, taxcode, salary, office_no) publisher (pub_no, p_name, p_city, p_telno, p_faxno, credit_code, office_no) book_job (job_no, pub_no, job_date, job_desc, job_type, job_status, supervisor_nin) purchase_order (job_no, po_no, po_date) po_item (job_no, po_no, it_no, qty) item (it_no, it_desc, amt_in_stock, price) office contains details of each office and the office number (office_no) is the key. Each office has a Manager represented by the manager’s national insurance number (mgr_nin). staff contains details of staff; the staff_no is the key. The office that the member of staff works from is given by office_no. publisher contains details of publisher and the publisher number (pub_no) is the key. Publishers are registered with the nearest office in their country, given by office_no, and they are given a credit code that can have the values “AA”, “AB”, “BB”, “BC”, “CC”, “CD” and “DD”. If a publisher is to be deleted then not only the publisher’s entry from the publisher table will have to be removed but all the data associated with the particular supplier has to be deleted too book_job contains details of publishing jobs and the job number (job_no) is the key. The publisher is given by the publisher number (pub_no) and the supervisor for the job by supervisor_nin. The job type can be either null or urgent; whereas the job_status can be “ongoing” or “completed” purchase_order contains details of the purchase orders for each job and the combination of job number and a purchase order number (job_no, po_no) form the key. Each printing job may have several purchase orders assigned to it. item contains details of all materials that can be used in printing jobs and the item number (it_no) is the key. po_item contains details of the items on the purchase order and (job_no, po_no, it_no) forms the key. In the above given database schema, descriptions are strings of characters (at most 30 characters long), any dates (except the job_ date) stored cannot be after the current system date, and quantities and prices are assumed to be non-negative numbers.

2334

purpose of abstraction and interface

1538

What are the abstractions of Apache Spark?

232

What is abstraction in java?

621

What is data abstraction? How is it implemented in C++?

589

Describe these concepts: Polymorphism, Inheritance and Abstraction.

622

What is encapsulation and abstraction? How are they implemented in C++?

648

What is polymorphism and abstraction?

613

Difference between Abstraction and encapsulation in C++?

586

What do you mean Abstraction in java?

617

What is data abstraction? what are the three levels of data abstraction with Example?

576

Define Data Abstraction. What is its importance?

560

What are Tensorflow abstractions?

5

what is data abstraction in C++?

663