Cells are in nonequilibrium, open systems. In what way is
thermodynamics useful in this situation?
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Answer / kurt heller
thermodynamics cn be used just like closed systems!
just assume that the cell is a closed system for a small
amount of time
it works in practice
a few years ago wwas published a book:
biological thermodynamics
by donald haynie
it contains fundamental theory AND many proctical examples
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